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    Mediastinum

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    smeersalal

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    Mediastinum

    Uploaded by

    smeersalal
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    6 views15 pages

    Mediastinum

    Uploaded by

    smeersalal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    You are on page 1of 15

    MEDIASTINUM

    LEARNING OBJECTIVES
    • What is mediastinum?
    • Boundaries of mediastinum
    • Divisions of mediastinum
    • Contents of each division
    • Related clinicals
    WHAT IS MEDIASTINUM?
    • It is middle space left in thoracic cavity in b/w
    lungs
    • It is median septum of thorax b/w two lungs
    • It is thick moveable partition b/w lungs
    surrounded by mediastinal pleura on each side
    • It contains all the thoracic viscera except lungs
    • Major structures in mediatinum are surrounded
    by fat, lymphatics, nerves and vessels
    BOUNDARIES
    • Anterior: sternum

    • Posterior: vertebral column

    • Superior: thoracic inlet

    • Inferior: diaphragm

    Snells Anatomy Page : 61


    DIVISIONS OF MEDIASTINUM
    • Mediastinum is divided into
    superior and inferior parts by an
    imaginary line which passes
    through the sternal angle
    anteriorly to the lower body of
    4th thoracic vertebra posteriorly

    • Inferior mediastinum is further


    divided by the pericardium into
    anterior mediastinum, middle
    mediastinum and posterior
    mediastinum.
    DIVISIONS
    SUPERIOR MEDIASTINUM
    • It is present above the imaginary
    line
    • Bounded anteriorly by
    manubrium sterni
    • Posteriorly by upper four
    thoracic vertebrae
    • It contains trachea,
    oesophagus, thoracic duct,
    thymus, large arteries, large
    veins, nerves and lymph nodes
    INFERIOR MEDIASTINUM

    • It is present below the imaginary line


    • Bounded anteriorly by body of sternum
    and posteriorly by lower 8 thoracic
    vertebrae
    • Divided into
    • anterior,
    • middle,
    • posterior parts
    ANTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
    • It is narrow space present infront
    of the pericardium.
    • Bounded anteriorly by body of
    sternum and posteriorly by
    pericardium.
    • It contains
    • sternopericardial ligaments,
    lymph nodes,
    • small branches of internal
    thoracic artery
    • and areolar tissue.
    MIDDLE MEDIASTINUM
    • It is bounded anteriorly by
    sternopericardial ligaments an
    posteriorly by oesophagus,
    azygous vein and descending
    thoracic aorta
    • It contains heart enclosed in
    pericardium, arteries
    (ascending aorta, pulmonary
    trunk and pulmonary
    arteries)
    • Veins ( pulmonary veins,
    lower half of superior vena
    cava)
    POSTERIOR MEDIASTINUM
    • It is present behind the pericardium
    • Bounded anteriorly by pericardium
    and posteriorly by lower eight
    thoracic vertebrae
    • It contains
    • oesophagus,
    • arteries ( descending thoracic
    aorta) ,
    • veins ( azygous vein),
    • nerves,
    • lymph nodes ,
    • lymphatics and
    • thoracic duct
    CLINICALS
    • Mediastinitis: any infection of deep fascia of neck can travel
    to superior mediastinum and through it to posterior
    mediastinum causing mediastinitis
    • Mediastinal tumors or cysts : any tumor in mediastinum
    compresses the relavent structure producing symptoms like
    obstruction of SVC gives rise to engorgment of veins in
    upper half of body, pressure over trachea causes cough and
    dyspnea, other pressure effects can be seen on phrenic
    nerve and sympathetic trunks
    • Mediastinoscopy: diagnostic procedure to obtain
    specimens of tracheo bronchial nodes without opening
    pleural cavities. Procedure is used to determine the
    diagnosis and spread of carcinoma of the bronchus.

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