Conditional Sentences

Week 5
TYPES OF
CONDITIONALS
TABLE OF CONTENT
01 ZERO CONDITIONAL 02 FIRST CONDITIONAL
03 SECOND CONDITIONAL 04 EXERCISES

01
ZERO CONDITIONAL
DEFINITION
ZERO
CONDITIONAL STRUCTURE
HOW TO
USE
DEFINITION
The zero conditional is also called the factual or the real conditional.
It often refers to general truths or facts such as scientific things and
it is always 100% true.
It can be used to talk about habits and rules and to give

instructions that are the result of something happening first.
Ex: If ice melts, it becomes water

STRUCTURE
In zero conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the

sentence is the present simple.
“If” clause (condition) Main clause (result)

If + S + V(s/es) S + V(s/es)
Ex: - If you don’t water a flower, it dies

HOW TO USE
Zero conditional can be used to request something or ask for help.

Ex: If you can play chess, teach Jenny how to play
We can also use zero conditional to describe habits and actions

that occur regularly.
Ex: Peter usually cycle on Sunday if the weather is not rainy
NOTES
In addition to the above structure and usage, there are also some notes
when using conditional type zero.
1. The “if” in this conditional can usually be replaced by “when/whenever”

without changing the meaning.
Ex: - If it rains, the grass gets wet
= When it rains, the grass get wet
2. You can change the order of the “if” clause and the main clause in
conditional type zero but the meaning is identical.
Ex: John usually leave the house if it is sunny
02
FIRST CONDITIONAL
FIRST CONDITIONAL
1 DEFINITION
4 SOME NOTES
2 STRUCTURE
5 “UNLESS”
3 USAGE
DEFINITION
Conditional sentences type 1 are sentences used to predict

actions, events that may happen in the future when a certain
condition has occurred first.
Ex:
- If John does exercise, he will be more healthy
- If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the beach
STRUCTURE
Conditional sentence type 1 includes 2 clause:
“If” clause and main clause.
“If clause Main clause
If + S + V(s/es) S + will + V
Ex:
● If Sara studies hard, she will get high mark
● Arsenal will be top of the league if they win
SOME NOTE FOR 1ST CONDITIONAL
1. Use “Will” in “If” clause.

As usual, the If clause must be in the simple present tense, but we can also use
“will” when we need to make a request
● Ex: If Anna wait a moment, John will find someone to help her.
2. Present simple tense in both clause

Conditional sentence type 1 in this case means that event/action always
automatically happens after another event/action.
● Ex: Give it to Jenny if you meet her
SOME NOTES FOR 1ST CONDITIONAL
3. Situations that may happen in the future and emphasize the ongoing
state, continuity or completion off the event.
● If + present simple, future continuous tense/perfect future tense
● Ex: If Jenny accepts this term, our team will be having to sign this contract
agreement
4. Impreative sentences in first conditional

In this case, subject will be hidden in main clause.
If + present simple, (do not) V-inf
● Ex: If you listen to what Jenny say, do everything more perfectly now!
5. Advice, suggestion and recommendation but emphasizes action.

● If + present simple,… would like to/must/have to/should… + V-inf
● Ex: Sara should feel more relax if she join the concert
“UNLESS”
We use the conjunction “unless” to mean “except if”. The clause

which follows “unless” is a subordinate clause it needs a main
clause to make a compete sentence. When unless comes before
the main clause, we use a comma.
Ex: Unless it rains, we’ll go for a picnic by the river

03
SECOND
CONDITIONAL
FORM
TYPE 2
CONDITIONAL
FUNCTION
FORM
In a type 2 conditional sentence, the tense in the “if” clause is the
simple past, and the tense in the main clause is the present
conditional or the present continuous conditional
If clause (condition) Main clause (result)
If + past simple Present conditional or present

continuous conditional
If this thing happened That thing would happen
Ex: - If it rained, you would get wet

- If she fell, she would hurt herself
FUNCTION
The type 2 conditional refers to an unlikely or hypothetical condition
and its probable result. These sentences are not based on the
actual situation. In type 2 conditional sentences, the time is now or
any time and the situation is hypothetical.
Ex:
- If the weather wasn’t so bad, we would go to the park.
(But the weather is bad so we can’t go)
- If you really loved me, you would buy me a diamond ring.
FUNCTION
It is correct and very common to say “If I were” instead of “if I

was” (subjunctive mood)
Ex:
- If I were taller, I would buy this dress
- If I were 20, I would travel the world
- If I were you, I would give up smoking
- If I were a plant, I would love the rain
FUNCTION
In type 2 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the

main clause instead of “would” to express the degree of
certainty, permission or a recommendation about the outcome
Ex:
- We might buy a larger house if we had more money
- He could go to the concert if you gave him your ticket
- If he called me, I couldn’t hear
9h 55m 23s
Jupiter’s rotation period
333,000
The Sun’s mass compared to Earth’s
386,000 km
Distance between Earth and the Moon
Language trends over years
Complexity
Venus has very high temperatures
Clarity
Jupiter is an enormous planet
Variety
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Sofia Hill Karl Harris

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Language arts project rubric
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Criteria
(5) (4) (3) (2)
Grammar Exceptional command Strong proficiency Adequate proficiency Limited proficiency
Sentence Varied and

Clear and effective Adequate structure Limited structure
Structure sophisticated
Expression Rich and precise Appropriate variety Adequate expression Limited expression
Organization Outstanding clarity Smooth transitions Adequate coherence Limited coherence

Multiple choice questions
1. What is the main purpose of using complex sentence structures in writing?
a) Enhance clarity
b) Increase word count
c) Simplify communication
2. What influences the emotional tone in writing?
a) Syntax
b) Connotation
c) Diction

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Week 5

01 ZERO CONDITIONAL 02 FIRST CONDITIONAL

03 SECOND CONDITIONAL 04 EXERCISES

It can be used to talk about habits and rules and to give

Ex: If ice melts, it becomes water

In zero conditional sentences, the tense in both parts of the

“If” clause (condition) Main clause (result)

Ex: - If you don’t water a flower, it dies

Zero conditional can be used to request something or ask for help.

We can also use zero conditional to describe habits and actions

1. The “if” in this conditional can usually be replaced by “when/whenever”

Conditional sentences type 1 are sentences used to predict

1. Use “Will” in “If” clause.

2. Present simple tense in both clause

4. Impreative sentences in first conditional

5. Advice, suggestion and recommendation but emphasizes action.

We use the conjunction “unless” to mean “except if”. The clause

Ex: Unless it rains, we’ll go for a picnic by the river

If clause (condition) Main clause (result)

If + past simple Present conditional or present

Ex: - If it rained, you would get wet

It is correct and very common to say “If I were” instead of “if I

In type 2 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the

Sofia Hill Karl Harris

Grammar Exceptional command Strong proficiency Adequate proficiency Limited proficiency

Sentence Varied and

Organization Outstanding clarity Smooth transitions Adequate coherence Limited coherence

b) Increase word count

2. What influences the emotional tone in writing?

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