OCEAN & TIDAL ENERGY RENEWABLES:

TABLE OF CONTENT:

 Ocean power.
 Tidal energy.
 Tidal barrages.
 Tidal turbines.
 Tidal fencing.
 Floaters.
 List of Tidal power units.
 OCEAN POWER (INTRODUCTION):

 Ocean energy (or wave power) is the transport and capture of energy by ocean surface waves. The energy
captured is then used for all different kinds of useful work, including electricity generation, water desalination
and pumping of water. Wave energy is also a type of renewable energy and is the largest global resource form of
ocean energy.
 Ocean energy can be harnessed through a variety of systems such as piston pump ,racks ,floaters which can be
also classified as Wave energy converters (WEC) for commercial usage to generate electricity.
 TIDAL ENERGY (INTRODUCTION):

 Tidal energy is energy generated from tidal movements. Tides contain both potential energy, related to the
vertical fluctuations in sea level and kinetic energy related to the horizontal motion of the water column.
 Tidal energy can be defined also as the power produced by the surge of ocean waters during the rise and fall of
tides. Tidal energy is a renewable source of energy.
 TIDAL ENERGY (WORKING PRINCIPLE):

 The ocean tides rise and fall and water can be stored during the rise period and it can be discharged during fall. A dam is
constructed separating the tidal basin from the sea and a difference in water level is obtained between the basin and sea.
 During high tide period, water flows from the sea into the tidal basin through the water turbine. The height of tide is above that of
tidal basin. Hence the turbine unit operates and generates power, as it is directly coupled to a generator.
 During low tide period, water flows from tidal basin to sea, as the water level in the basin is more than that of the tide in the sea.
During this period also, the flowing water rotates the turbine and generates power. The generation of power stops only when the
sea level and the tidal basin level are equal.
 TIDAL ENERGY ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES:
ADVANTAGES:
 It is free from pollution as it does not use any fuel.
 It is superior to hydro power plant as it is totally independent of rain.
 It improves the possibility of fish farming in the tidal basins and it can provide a attractive location for
sightseeing.
DISADVANTAGES:
 Tidal power plants can be developed only if natural sites are available on the bay.
 As the sites are available on the bays which are always far away from load centers which increases the
transmission costs.
 Sihwa Lake power station 254Mw in South Korea , Rance power station 240MW in France and Kislaya power
plant having 1.7MW capacity in Russia are examples of this type of power plant and MeyGen tidal energy plant
with phase-1 construction phase 1 of 6MW complete and phase 2 under development in United Kingdom.
 TIDAL BARRAGE (INTRODUCTION):

 A tidal barrage is a dam like structure with turbines placed at the bottom of the reservoir. The Dam creates a
barrier between the sea and the tidal basin taking advantage of the change in the tide levels to produce power.
 The turbines are used in this system to capture the energy from masses of water moving in and out of the bay or
a river due to tidal forces.
 Sluice gates on the barrage allow water to flow through turbines that generate electricity. This sluice gates allow
the tidal basin to fill on the incoming high tides and to empty through the turbine system on the outgoing tide.
 TIDAL BARRAGE ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES:
ADVANTAGES:
 It produces no green house gases.
 Tidal turbines are more efficient estimated to be around 80% when compared to wind turbines.
 Barrages reduce the damage of high tidal surges on land.
DISADVANTAGES:
 The cost of building a tidal barrage power generation system is expensive with the technology still in its early
stages.
 Tidal barrages can cause damage to marine life as fishes and other aquatic creatures are at risk from the turbine
blades.
 The gaps between the tides results in inconsistent tidal power therefore at times large scale battery energy
storage system is required for maximum optimization of this energy source.
 The Swansea Bay Tidal Lagoon with a planned 320MW capacity currently under development in United
Kingdom, Jiangxia tidal power station 3.2MW in China and Annapolis Royal Generating Station 20MW capacity
in Canada which is at present decommissioned are some of the examples of tidal barrage/lagoons.
 TIDAL TURBINE (INTRODUCTION):

 Tidal turbines are similar to wind turbines in that they have blades that turn a rotor to power a generator.
 They can be placed on the sea floor where there is strong tidal flow. However water is about 800 times denser
than air, tidal turbines have to be much sturdier and heavier than wind turbines.
 Tidal turbines or generators works like wind turbines except it is the ocean currents and not wind which turns
them. The spinning turbine is connected or coupled with an another device/generator which produces electricity.
 The produced electricity is then connected through transmission lines for commercial usage to be transmitted to
designated load centers for consumption.
 TIDAL TURBINE ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES:

ADVANTAGES:
 Renewable and fossil fuel free.
 Predictable and consistent power.
 Efficient at low speeds.
 Long life span of generation units.

DISADVANTAGES:
 Environmental affects of marine and aquatic life including disruption of migration patterns of fish.
 Expensive to construct.
 Limited locations.
 Distance from load centers and grid.
 Limited useful period.
 TIDAL FENCING (INTRODUCTION):

 A tidal fence is another form of tidal stream technology which directly exploits fast flowing underwater ocean
currents for energy generation. In many ways a tidal fence installation is a cross between a tidal barrage and a
tidal turbine system.
 The construction layout of a tidal fence generation system is effectively a continuous row of vertical axis turbines
mounted in a fence spanning across channels or long straights between large bodies of land such as an estuary
or bay and are an alternative to a conventional concrete barrage.
 Unlike submerged tidal turbines which are individually positioned around the ocean floor, tidal fences are
composed of individual vertical axis turbines that are mounted together within a single fence like structure. The
main purpose of a tidal fence also known as a “caisson” is to harness the kinetic energy of the underwater tides.
 These tidal fences act like a submerged tidal barrage across an inlet or estuary with the tidal currents being
forced to flow past the turbine blades causing them to rotate which in turn powers the generators to produce
electricity.
 TIDAL FENCING ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES:

ADVANTAGES:
 It is a non polluting source of energy.
 Tidal fence and tidal current generation is sustainable because tides occur consistently four times in 24 hours.
 Tidal fence is designed to go with the flow of the water allowing flexibility of a sustainable balance between
environmental impact and energy production compared to a tidal barrage type scheme.
 It does not require the construction of an dam or a separate tidal basin structure when compared to other tidal
energy systems.
 Relatively low and inexpensive maintenance costs.
DISADVANTAGES:
 The cost of installing tidal fences can be quite expensive with initially high capital expenditure.
 Can change tidal level of surrounding area.
 Disrupts regular tidal cycles.
 Technology is stills in its primary stages with long term impacts on environment still being assessed.
 FLOATERS (INTRODUCTION):

 The floaters draw energy from incoming waves by converting the rising and falling motion of the waves into an
clean energy generation process. More precisely, the movement of the floaters compresses and decompresses
hydraulic pistons which transmit bio-degradable hydraulic fluid into land located accumulators.
 Moreover the periodic up and down movement of the ocean waves into electricity by placing equipment on the
surface of the oceans that captures the energy produced by the wave movement which converts this mechanical
energy into electrical power is the fundamental working principle of using floaters.
 Attenuators are another example of wave energy converters that are oriented parallel to the direction of wave
travel. The wave induced motion of the joints is resisted by hydraulic rams that pump high pressure fluid to drive
hydraulic motors which in turn powers electrical generators to produce electricity.
 FLOATERS:

 Point absorbers are also used as a floating structure which absorbs energy from all directions through its
movements at/near the water surface. It converts the motion of the buoyant top relative to the base into
electrical power.
 At present Eco wave power is the pioneer when it comes to using floaters to generate electricity with a power
station using eight floaters generating 100Kw with a proposed capacity extension of 5MW located in Gibraltor
with another project having 100KW capacity located in Jaffa port Israel.
LIST OF TIDAL POWER STATIONS (OPERATIONAL) :
LIST OF TIDAL POWER STATIONS (PROPOSED) :
LIST OF TIDAL POWER STATIONS (UNDER CONSTRUCTION) :

LIST OF TIDAL POWER STATIONS (DECOMMISSIONED) :