Reference: Jorge Olenewa, Guide To Wireless Communications, 3
Reference: Jorge Olenewa, Guide To Wireless Communications, 3
Reference: Jorge Olenewa, Guide To Wireless Communications, 3
COMMUNICATIONS
Progress of transmission:
fire and smoke used by Indians ==> messenger on
horseback ==> telephone line ==> networks
Traditional networks (LAN, MAN, WAN) have
provided great convenience:
in office, hotel room, or home
But you cannot utilize the service unless you are physically
connected to a LAN or a telephone line.
ALOHANET by University of Hawaii:
7 campuses over 4 islands; star-like structure centered at
the Oahu island in 70’s.
Wireless devices
Distance: up to 330 feet (100 meters)
Bandwidth: up to 300 Mbps
Can also include Voice over IP (VoIP)
Wireless network interface card (Wireless NIC)
Sends and receives data over radio waves
Smartphone: Combination mobile phone and personal
digital assistant (PDA)
Radio frequency identification (RFID) tags: small
chips containing radio transponders
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Figure 1-1 Home wireless network (WLAN)
Bluetooth
Wireless standard designed for very short ranges
Typically a few inches to 33 feet (10 meters)
Main purpose is to eliminate cables between devices
Bluetooth communicates using small, low-power
transceivers called radio modules
Link manager
Special software that helps identify other Bluetooth
devices, create a link between them, and send and
receive digital data
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Figure 1-2 Two examples of Bluetooth headsets: mono (left) and stereo (right)
Free-space optical
communication (FSO) is an
optical communication
technology.
FSO uses light propagating in
free space to transmit data for
telecommunications or
computer networking.
The technology is useful where
the physical connections are
impractical due to high costs or
other considerations. Photograph courtesy of MRV Communications
Wireless communications
Has become a standard means of communication for
people in many occupations and circumstances
Digital convergence
Refers to the power of digital devices to combine
voice, video, and text-processing capabilities
As well as to be connected to business and home networks
and to the Internet
Same concept applies to the development of VoIP
networks
Use the same protocols and media that once only carried
data
Wireless technologies are used to fulfill many daily
activities
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Wireless Applications
34
Main areas
Education
Home entertainment and Home control systems
Health Care
Government and Military
Office environments
Event management
Travel
Construction and warehouse management
Environmental research
Industrial control
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Education
35
Wireless communication
Enables people to download, distribute, and control all
forms of digital entertainment from anywhere in the
house
Examples:
Wireless speakers, media players, game consoles, DVD
players, televisions, digital video recorders (DVRs), and
multimedia personal computers
Wireless communication
Lets residents, city employees, contractors, and utility
staff collect and transmit data to central databases
Examples:
Building inspectors can update permit data while at the
construction site
City employees can locate and monitor municipal vehicles
Delivers broadband connectivity to schools, libraries, and
government buildings
Provides free Internet access to residents and attracts
visitors and businesspeople
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Military
40
Wireless networks
Help identify a stolen or counterfeit ticket
Can also give a real-time look at traffic flow
Use to determine where staff might be needed
In-progress game statistics are available to any fan in
the stadium with a wireless device
Wireless communications
Send information from the job site to the main office
Tardy subcontractor or problems with materials
Alert when maintenance operations need to be performed
on equipment
Bulldozers and earth graders are being turned into “smart”
equipment
Exact location of dig coordinates can be transmitted to a
terminal on the bulldozer
Track engine hours and equipment location
Motes
Remote sensors
Can connect to a WLAN
Then collect data and transmit it to a central location
Manufacturing managers can monitor equipment
from an office
Problems can be detected instantly
Technicians in a control room can monitor status of
every machine or device
Dispatch a technician when necessary
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Wireless Advantages and Disadvantages
48
Mobility
Freedom to move about without being tethered by wires
Permits many industries to shift toward an increasingly mobile
workforce
Creating “flatter” organizations with fewer management levels
between top executives and regular employees
Easier and less expensive installation
Installing network cabling in older buildings can be a difficult,
slow, and costly task
Makes it easier for any office to be modified with new cubicles
or furniture
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Advantages of Wireless Networking
50
Increased reliability
Network cable failures may be the most common source
of network problems
Disaster recovery
In the event of a disaster, managers can quickly relocate
the office
Some planners keep laptop computers with wireless NICs
and access points in reserve
Future Applications
Every day, a new application for wireless data
transmission is thought of or implemented
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Disadvantages of Wireless Networking
51
Health risks
High levels of RF can produce biological damage
through heating effects
Wireless devices emit low levels of RF while being used
No clear picture of the biological effects of this type of
radiation has been found to date
Science today does not yet permit anyone to draw a
definitive conclusion on the safety of wireless mobile
devices
Be aware of the possibility and monitor ongoing scientific
research