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    BreastcancerPPT PHU (Autosaved) (Autosaved) New

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    Hephzibah Okyere - Mensah
    The document provides an overview of breast cancer including statistics, anatomy, risk factors, stages, signs and symptoms, and treatment options. It notes that breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths globally and that most cases in Ghana are diagnosed at later stages. Risk factors include family history, genetics, age, reproductive history, obesity, alcohol, and smoking.

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    BreastcancerPPT PHU (Autosaved) (Autosaved) New

    Uploaded by

    Hephzibah Okyere - Mensah
    6 views20 pages
    The document provides an overview of breast cancer including statistics, anatomy, risk factors, stages, signs and symptoms, and treatment options. It notes that breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths globally and that most cases in Ghana are diagnosed at later stages. Risk factors include family history, genetics, age, reproductive history, obesity, alcohol, and smoking.

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    provides information on breast cancer. statistics, management and prevention

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    BreastcancerPPT PHU [Autosaved] [Autosaved] new[1]

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    The document provides an overview of breast cancer including statistics, anatomy, risk factors, stages, signs and symptoms, and treatment options. It notes that breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths globally and that most cases in Ghana are diagnosed at later stages. Risk factors include family history, genetics, age, reproductive history, obesity, alcohol, and smoking.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    6 views20 pages

    BreastcancerPPT PHU (Autosaved) (Autosaved) New

    Uploaded by

    Hephzibah Okyere - Mensah
    The document provides an overview of breast cancer including statistics, anatomy, risk factors, stages, signs and symptoms, and treatment options. It notes that breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths globally and that most cases in Ghana are diagnosed at later stages. Risk factors include family history, genetics, age, reproductive history, obesity, alcohol, and smoking.

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    of 20

    PRESENTATION ON BREAST CANCER

    BY
    HEALTH PROMOTION UNIT,KATH
    Presentation outline
    • Introduction
    • Statistics
    • Anatomy and physiology
    • Risk factors
    • Prevention
    • Stages
    • Signs and symptoms
    • Treatment and management
    Introduction
    • Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the
    breast begin to grow out of control.
    • These cells usually form a tumour that can often
    be seen radiographically or felt as a lump.
    • The tumour is malignant (cancer) if the cells can
    grow into (invade) surrounding tissues or spread
    (metastasize) to distant areas of the body.
    • Breast cancer is most common in women, but
    may seldom occur in men.
    Statistics
    • A woman has a 13% chance of developing breast cancer
    meanwhile a man has a 1% chance of developing the disease.
    • In Ghana, over 4000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer
    annually, almost half dying.
    • Studies show that most women(70%) in Ghana are diagnosed
    at more advanced stages of the disease.
    • Globally, breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-
    related deaths.
    Anatomy & Physiology
    1- The breasts are made of fat,
    glands, and connective (fibrous)
    tissue.
    2- Each breast has 15 -20 lobes, with
    each dividing into 20-40 lobules and
    ending in the milk glands
    3- Tiny ducts run from the many tiny
    glands, connect together and end in
    the nipple
    78% of breast cancers occur in
    these tiny ducts. This is known as
    infiltrating ductal cancer.
    4- Cancer developing in the lobules
    is termed infiltrating lobular cancer.
    About 10-15% of breast cancers are
    of this type.

    5- Another type of breast cancer is


    inflammatory breast cancer (Often
    Misdiagnosed and dangerous)
    Risk Factors
    NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS

    • Early menarche (before 12years)


    • Late menopause (after 55years)
    • Family History- mother, sister or
    daughter with Brca or ovarian ca
    • Genetic factors (BrCa 1 & 2)
    • Age
    • Gender-female
    Risk Factors
    MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
    • Nulliparity • Exposure to radiation
    • Giving birth at an older age after • Using hormone replacement therapy
    35years • Using hormonal birth control methods
    • Not breastfeeding after giving birth • Excessive alcohol intake
    • Eating a lot of processed and fatty • Exposure to tobacco smoking (primary
    foods and sec.)
    • Obesity particularly after menopause
    • Lack of exercise
    Prevention - Primary
    • Reduce alcohol intake
    • Maintain a healthy weight
    • Physical activity or exercises
    • Breastfeed unless contraindicated
    • Avoid long-term use of hormone replacement therapy
    • Avoid smoking
    • Have kids early if possible
    Prevention - Secondary
    Early detection through screening
    • Regular breast self-exams
    • Mammography( starting at age 40)
    Stages of breast Cancer
    The stages 0-IV
    Stage 0 is noninvasive breast cancer, that is, carcinoma
    in situ with no affected lymph nodes or metastasis. This
    is the most favorable stage to find breast cancer.
    Stage I is breast cancer that is less than three quarters
    of an inch in diameter & has not spread from the
    breast.
    Stage II is breast cancer that is fairly small in size but
    has spread to lymph nodes in the armpit OR cancer
    that is somewhat larger but has not spread to the
    lymph nodes
    Stage III is breast cancer of a larger size (greater
    than 2 inches in diameter), with greater lymph
    node involvement, or of the inflammatory type.
    Spreading to other areas around the breast. ◦
    Stage IV is metastatic breast cancer: a tumor of
    any size or type that has metastasized to
    another part of the body (ex. bones, lungs, liver,
    brain). This is the least favorable stage to find
    breast cancer.
    Signs and Symptoms
    1- Early breast cancer has little or no
    symptoms. It is not painful.
    2-Breast discharge, especially if only from
    one breast
    3-Sunken nipple
    4-Redness, changes in texture, and puckering.
    Usually caused by skin disease but
    sometimes can be associated with breast
    cancer.
    5-Lumps on or around breast. Most lumps
    are not cancerous
    6-Other lumps around the under arm or
    collarbone which don’t go away
    Signs and Symptoms-Metastatic disease
    • Chronic cough/ difficulty
    breathing/ chest pain –Lungs
    • Back, bone/ joint pain –
    Musculoskeletal
    • Jaundice, loss of appetite, weight
    loss, N/V – Gastrointestinal
    • Severe headaches, seizures, speech
    problems etc- Neurological
    • Easy fatiguability - Hematological
    Laboratory investigation of BR. CA
    • Breast ultrasound
    • Diagnostic mammogram
    • Breast MRI
    • Biopsy
    Treatment
    ❖Radiation
    ❖Chemotherapy
    ❖Surgery
    ❖Hormonal therapy
    • Tamoxifen is the most commonly prescribed hormone
    treatment.
    Take away point
    • Breast cancer is common among women globally and the
    second highest cause of cancer-related deaths.
    • However innocent the breast lump may be, it can be
    malignant.
    • Self-screening is a low-cost, yet effective tool for early
    detection of breast cancer and should be encouraged.
    • All are entreated to participate and contribute in raising
    awareness on the disease.
    Thank You

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