CN - Lesson 2

GRADE 12 - HUMSS & GAS
Creative Non - Fiction

Mary Grace L. Cuasay, LPT
Objective:
1 Identify dominant literary conventions of fiction and drama;
2 analyze and interpret the theme and techniques used in a particular text.
write your own story or article using the literary elements for creative
3
Elements, Techniques, and Devices
of Creative Nonfiction
Literary Elements
• specific means by which writers or
storytellers manipulate words in specific
patterns to unfold their stories and
experiences
Reasons why you should utilize literary
elements in any piece of work:
1. Literary elements add special effects to your writing.

2. They establish connection with the reader.
3. They engage and captivate readers.
4. They help you in conveying abstract information.
5. They paint vivid pictures of your words.
6. They enhance the reader’s vicarious experience
Show, don’t tell
Show to the readers what is going on in your story
instead of telling them. They will be able to know
what the characters know, feel what the characters
feel, and see what the characters see.
The Different
Literary
Elements
Literary Elements
1. Setting
• first thing you always look for in a story
• describes the elements of where and when the
story takes place
• gives you the feeling and the picture of the plot
of the story
Setting
Answers to these Questions:
 Where does it take place?
 What is the social climate?
 What time, period or season is it?
 What important events are happening in the
world?
 What emotion did it evoke to you as a
reader?
Literary Elements
2. Plot
• the sequence of events and their significance in the
unfolding of the story
• follows a flow from the exposition (beginning) of
the story to its denouement (resolution)
Literary Elements
3. Conflict
• the struggle of opposing forces in a story
• usually a driving force that makes you react to what
you read or watch
Different Forms of Conflict
 Man against Self - is a psychological battle or dilemma.
 Man against Man - is a battle of force or strength between two or more
individuals.
 Man against Nature - is the battle against the many forces of nature.
 Man against Society - is a battle with the taboos, traditions and laws of a
community.
 Man against the Supernatural - is a battle with the more powerful force
than man himself or herself.
Literary Elements
4. Characters
• the people involved in the story. Depending on their
importance or purpose they are identified as:
 Protagonist - main character
 Antagonist - character who opposes the main character
Characters Classification
Dynamic - character who changes over the course of the
story.
Round - a major character who shows fluidity and the
capacity for change from the moment we meet them.
Static - sometimes known as a flat character, it does not
change over the course of a story.
Stock - with a fixed set of personality traits.
Symbolic - represents a concept or theme larger than
themselves
Literary Elements
5. Point-of-view
• the identity of the narrative voice.
• it is the person or entity through whom the reader
experiences the story
Point-of-view
 Third-person - a narrator describes what is seen but as a spectator, who may

be:
1. Limited - sees only what is in front of him and unable to read any other character’s
mind
2. Omniscient - sees all, much as an all-knowing god of some kind
3. Limited omniscient - can only see into one character’s mind
Point-of-view
 Second-person - using the pronoun you to narrate the story

 First-person - when we are seeing events through the eyes of
the character telling the story
Literary Elements
6. Theme
• the main idea or underlying meaning conveyed by
the piece.
 Love & Friendship
 War
 Crime and Mystery
Literary Elements
7. Narrative Techniques
• different ways the story is told:
 Flashback - bringing the audience back to the past of a character
that may impact an event in a story.
 Foreshadowing - an intentional way of an author to be
suggestive of future or coming events in the story in the process of
 In Media Res - an author’s way of starting the story
sequence from the middle.
Literary Elements
8. Dialogue
• Dialogue is the stance where characters
speak to one another. A dialogue may be:
a. Inner, where the characters speak to themselves
and reveal their personalities (stream of
consciousness, dramatic monologue)
b. Outer, a conversation between characters
Elements of Poetry
Elements of Poetry
• Poetry uses a more intensified, focused, and

intricate language.
• Poetry was the language of people.
Characterization of Poetry
1. Poetry attempts to achieve beauty.
2. Poetry is imaginative, or makes use of strength of imagination.
3. Poetry is musical, melodic, and rhythmical.
4. Poetry makes use of language that is metaphorical or symbolic,
not direct.
5. Poetry is more concentrated.
6. Poetry makes use of brevity and conciseness.
Elements of Poetry
1. Imagery
• Use of images is constant in poetry
• Essential representation of an experience or object that
is perceived through the senses (sight, hear, taste,
touch, smell)
Elements of Poetry
2. Figures of Speech
• a phrase or a set of words that makes literary pieces
colorful and meaningful.
• presents a different meaning to the words literal
meaning conveyed in different forms.
Figures of Speech
 METAPHOR - a comparison of two unlike things without the

use of comparative words
My mom has a heart of gold.

My friend’s sister, Sharon, is a night owl.
My hands were icicles because of the cold weather.
Figures of Speech
 SIMILE - a comparison of two unlike things using comparative

words “like” or “as”
As tall as a giraffe
Move like a snail
Figures of Speech
 PERSONIFICATION - giving human qualities to inanimate or

inhuman objects.
The sun smiled at them

The flowers danced in the breeze
Figures of Speech
 IDIOMS - expressions used to mean something else than what

is said.
Break a leg.
Once in a blue moon.
Figures of Speech
 Hyperbole - an exaggeration statement to give emphasis to a

stated idea
Her smile was a mile wide.

Those shoes are killing me.
Figures of Speech
 Euphemism - an expression to mildly imply something harsh or

negative
Vertically challenged = short

Let go = fired
Figures of Speech
 Paradox - giving a statement that is contradictory to one’s belief or

opinion
The more you know, the more you know you don’t know.
If you don’t risk anything, you risk even more.
Literary Elements
3. Sound
• An oral as it is a visual form; it is meant to be
recited and read aloud.
Rhyme
• The occurrence of identical “correspondence of two or
more words with similar sounding final syllables placed
so as to echo one another”.
• Rhymes can occur at the end of lines (end rhyme) or
within lines (internal rhyme)
Ex. My family is adorned with tough and brilliant women who

look as ethereal as flowers and
are forged to be studier than any armor in war.
Alliteration
• derived from the Latin word ‘Latira’ which means
“letters of alphabet”
• It is exemplified with the repetition of consonant
sounds within close proximity, usually in
consecutive words within the same sentence or line.
• Alliteration is popularly used in book titles, business
names, nursery rhymes, and tongue twisters.
Alliteration
Companies: Dunkin’ Donuts, PayPal, Best
Buy, Coca-Cola, Krispy Kreme
Names: Ronald Raegan, Mickey Mouse,
Porky Pig, Lois Lane, Donald Duck,
Spongebob Squarepants
Literary Elements
4. Symbolism
• Happens when something is used to represent
something else, such an idea or concept.
• Represent a non-literal meaning.
• A symbol must be something tangible or visible,
while the idea it symbolizes must be something
abstract or universal.
Literary Elements
4. Symbolism

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GRADE 12 - HUMSS & GAS

Creative Non - Fiction

1. Literary elements add special effects to your writing.

 Third-person - a narrator describes what is seen but as a spectator, who may

 Second-person - using the pronoun you to narrate the story

• Poetry uses a more intensified, focused, and

 METAPHOR - a comparison of two unlike things without the

My mom has a heart of gold.

 SIMILE - a comparison of two unlike things using comparative

 PERSONIFICATION - giving human qualities to inanimate or

The sun smiled at them

 IDIOMS - expressions used to mean something else than what

 Hyperbole - an exaggeration statement to give emphasis to a

Her smile was a mile wide.

 Euphemism - an expression to mildly imply something harsh or

Vertically challenged = short

 Paradox - giving a statement that is contradictory to one’s belief or

Ex. My family is adorned with tough and brilliant women who

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