FAST AVIATION

ACADEMY INC.

Aviation Terms

by Jake Alkane Dalusong

JUNE 02, 2021

 A 01 ABSOLUTE ALTITUDE
The vertical distance between the aircraft and ground level.

02 ABSOLUTE CEILING
The highest altitude an aircraft can fly at maximum throttle while
maintaining level height and constant airspeed.

03 ACCELERATED STALL
A stall that occurs at a higher airspeed than a normal stall due to a higher
load factor (g).

04 ADVERSE YAW
Occurs when the plane’s nose turns away from the direction of turn.

05 ADF (AUTOMATIC DIRECTION FINDER)

A navigation system that identifies the relative bearing of an aircraft based on a
radio beacon transmitting in the MF or LF bandwidth.

06 ADIABATIC LAPSE RATE

The rate at which temperature changes due to increasing and decreasing
altitude, under conditions of thermal equilibrium.

07 ADVERSE YAW
When an aircraft turns in the opposite direction of a roll due to use of
ailerons and the difference in lift and drag of each wing.

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 B
R E A L E S TAT E L I S T I N G － J A N U A R Y 2 0 2 0

BASE LEG BASELINE BLADE ANGLE

The flight path in an airport pattern that The minimum or starting point used for The angle between the reference line of a
runs in the runway landing direction. comparison propeller blade and a plane perpendicular
to the axis of rotation.

BEST LIFT OVER DRAG RATIO BLEED AIR

Often referred to as ‘L over D Max’, this is Hot compressed air produced during the
the highest value of ratios of lift to drag for compressor stage of aircraft engine
any airfoil. operation.

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C 01 02 03
Cabin Crew Calibrated Airspeed Camber

The airline staff members The indicated airspeed corrected The convexity of curve on an
responsible for the safety and for position and instrument error. aircraft wing.
comfort of passengers during flight,
typically the flight attendants.

04 05 06
CAVU (Ceiling and Visibility Ceiling Clearance
Unlimited)
The height of the lowest cloud layer The authorization provided by air
Describes ideal flying conditions or obscuring phenomena that is traffic control for aircraft to proceed
with visibility of 10 or more miles reported as “broken”, “overcast”, or with a particular action in controlled
and ceiling of at least 10,000 feet. “obscuration”, and not classified as airspace, which is designed to
“thin” or “partial”. prevent aircraft collisions.

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 D 01 DESCENT
The act of decreasing aircraft altitude, typically to a designated level.

02 DISTANCE MEASURING EQUIPMENT (DME)

Radio navigation technology used to measure the distance between the
aircraft and a ground station.

03 DISTRESS
An internationally-recognized signal for danger and need for immediate
assistance.

04 DOG FIGHT
A close range aerial battle between two aircraft. These occurred in every
war involving planes until 1992.

05 DOWNWIND LEG
A flight path parallel to but running the opposite direction of the runway intended
for landing.

06 DRAG
A parallel and opposing force to an aircraft’s motion through the air.

07 DUATS
Direct User Access Terminal Service

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• EASA – European Aviation Safety Agency

• Elevator – Horizontal surfaces that control aircraft pitch and are typically
hinged to the stabilizer.
• Empennage – Another phrase for the tail of an aircraft, which provides
stability during flight.
• ETA – Estimated Time of Arrival – The time you will arrive at a
destination, based on the local time.
• ETD – Estimated Time of Departure – The time you plan to depart.
• ETE – Estimated Time en Route – The amount of time you will spend
traveling to a destination.

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F 01 02 03
FAA FARs Feathering –

Federal Aviation Federal Aviation Regulations The act of adjusting variable

Administration – The – FAA rules governing pitch propellers so that the blades
governing body of civil aviation in the U.S. are in line with airflow and don’t
aviation in the United States. create air resistance.

04 05 06
Final Approach Firewall Flaps

A flight path running in the A fire-resistant bulkhead that Flaps are a kind of high-lift device
direction of the runway is situated between the engine used to increase the lift of an aircraft
intended for landing that ends and other aircraft areas. wing at a given airspeed. Flat devices,
with a landing. typically located on the edges of a an
aircraft wing, that control lift at
specific speeds.
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 • General Aviation – The division of civil aviation aircraft operations that includes all but commercial air
transport and aerial work.
G
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• Glass Cockpit – A term used to describe an aircraft that is fully equipped with electronic, digital flight
instrument displays, instead of analog-style gauges.
• “George” – Nickname given to the autopilot system
• Go-Around – A go-around occurs when the pilot abandons a landing and goes around the flight pattern before
attempting to land.
• Gross Weight – The aircraft weight including people, cargo, fuel, etc.
• Ground Effect – The increasing lift and decreasing drag that occurs as a result of an aircraft’s wings as it gets
closer to the ground.
• Groundspeed – The horizontal speed of an aircraft relative to the surface below.

• Hand-off – The action taken by ATC to transfer radar identification of an aircraft to another controller.
H • Handshake – The initial interaction or ‘greeting’ between two computers. Aircraft communicate with
satellites for location purposes. Aeronautical satellite communication (SATCOM) systems are used to
transmit messages from the cockpit as well as automated messages from on-board systems. During these
communications, a log-on request occurs, often called a ‘ping.’ This process of interrogating the terminal is
known as the handshake.
• Hangar – A building made to hold aircraft for storing, maintenance, assembly, etc.
• Heavy – ATC uses this term to refer to larger aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of 136 tonnes or more.
• Horizontal Stabilizer – The horizontal stabilizer prevents up-and-down, or pitching, motion of the aircraft
nose.
• Hypoxia – A condition caused by low levels of oxygen that can lead to dizziness, disorientation, etc, posing
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extreme danger to pilots operating aircraft at high altitudes.
 I • ICAO – International Civil Aviation Organization – A specialized agency of the United
Nations. Supports aviation and navigation around the globe.
• ILS – Instrument Landing System – A system that uses radio waves to assist landings in
IFR conditions.
• Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) – Regulations that define aircraft operations when pilots
are not able to operate using visual references.
• Instrument Landing System (ILS) – A ground-based system that provides directional
information for aircraft attempting to land in low visibility situations.
• Indicated Airspeed (IAS) – The speed of an aircraft displayed on the airspeed indicator,
which is determined by the pitot-static tube and does not take into account any outside
factors.
• Instrument Meterological Conditions (IMC) – Weather conditions that describe a
situation where pilots are not able to operate using visual references.

J • Jet – An aircraft propelled by one or more jet engines.

• Joystick – The control column in the aircraft is often called a joystick. It is the main
device that controls the aircraft and is typically mounted on the ceiling or floor if the
aircraft has a joystick instead of a yoke.
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 • KCAS – Knots Calibrated Airspeed – Indicated airspeed corrected for instrument and
K
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position error
• KIAS – Knots Indicated Airspeed – Read directly from the airspeed indicator
• Knot – A measurement of speed that takes into account nautical miles: 1 knot = 1
nautical mile per hour = 6076 feet per hour. 1 mph =1 mile per hour = 5280 feet per
hour.
• KTAS – Knots True Airspeed – The speed of the aircraft relative to the airmass in
which it is flying.

• Laminar-Flow Airfoil – The smooth airflow over an aircraft wing with minimized
L drag.
• Lift – The force that directly opposes aircraft weight, generated primarily by the
wings.
• Load Factor (g) – The smooth airflow over an aircraft wing with minimized drag.
• Longitudinal Axis – The directional that runs horizontally from the aircraft nose to tail.

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M 01 02 03
Mach – Magnetic Compass – Magnetic Deviation –

The ratio of aircraft speed to The directional orientation of The error produced by the
the speed of sound through an aircraft according to the unavoidable magnetic impact of
the medium where the geomagnetic field. aircraft materials.
aircraft is traveling.

04 05 06
Magnetic North – Magneto – MSL – Mean Sea Level –

Unlike the geographical An aircraft engine component Average level of the surface of one or
north (North Pole), this point that generates high voltage to more of Earth’s bodies of water from
is the location indicated as ignite spark plugs. which heights such as elevation may
North by where the compass be measured.
points

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 N
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• OAT – Outside Air Temperature

• Operating Limitations – Restrictions defined by an aircraft manufacturer including airspeed, weight, etc.
• Overshoot – Landing air craft beyond the runway.

• Payload – The weight of the content carried in an aircraft, including passengers, pilots, cargo, etc.

o • Pilot in Command (PIC) – The designated individual that is responsible for safe aircraft operations during
flight.
• PIREP – Pilot Report – Report made by a pilot during flight to ATC describing actual weather conditions.
• Pitch – The movement of an aircraft, characterized by the nose and tail rising and falling.
• Pitot Tube – A small device located on the front outside edge of an airfoil, used to measure air pressure.
• POH – Pilot’s Operating Handbook – An aircraft flight manual containing pertinent safety information.
• Primary Flight Display (PFD) – The main screen used by pilots in aircraft containing an electronic flight
instrument system.
• Propeller – A piece of aircraft equipment that contains rotating blades, creating engine thrust.

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 P • Payload – The weight of the content carried in an aircraft, including
passengers, pilots, cargo, etc.
• Pilot in Command (PIC) – The designated individual that is responsible for
safe aircraft operations during flight.
• PIREP – Pilot Report – Report made by a pilot during flight to ATC describing
actual weather conditions.
• Pitch – The movement of an aircraft, characterized by the nose and tail rising
and falling.
• Pitot Tube – A small device located on the front outside edge of an airfoil, used
to measure air pressure.
• POH – Pilot’s Operating Handbook – An aircraft flight manual containing
pertinent safety information.
• Primary Flight Display (PFD) – The main screen used by pilots in aircraft
containing an electronic flight instrument system.
• Propeller – A piece of aircraft equipment that contains rotating blades, creating
engine thrust.

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 Q
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• QAR – Quick Access Recorder – An airborne flight recorder that provides quick and
easy access to raw flight data through a USB or cellular network.
• Quadraplane – An aircraft that has 4 wings of the same size

• Roll – Aircraft rotation along the longitudinal axis, which runs from the nose to tail.
R • Rudder – An aircraft surface used to control the yaw movement.
• Runway (RWY) – A “defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the
landing and takeoff of aircraft”.
• Runway End Safety Area (RESA) – A surface located beyond the runway designated
as a place for aircraft to enter in an attempt to minimize risk during unplanned
occurrences, such as an overshoot.

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01 02 03
Second in command (SIC) – Short Field – Sideslip –

The designated individual to A runway that is shorter in An aircraft movement that

take over flight operations length and requires aircraft to typically aligns with the lateral
from the PIC. minimize the amount of runway force of the wind and results in a
used when taking off or landing. sideways flow.

04 05 06
Skid – Slip – Stability –

The sliding and outward The sliding and inward pivoting movement Aircraft are subject to static, dynamic,
pivoting movement of the of the aircraft that occurs as a result of a steep turn. longitudinal, lateral, and directional
aircraft that occurs as a result stability that impact flying conditions.
of a shallow turn.

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 FAST AVIATION
ACADEMY INC.

Thank you for

Reading!
by Jake Alkane Dalusong

JUNE 02, 2021