CLASSIFYING Invertebrates

CLASSIFYING
INVERTEBRATES
OCS Biology
Mrs. Bonifay
INVERTEBRATES
 Every animal that is not a vertebrate is an

invertebrate.
 Invertebrates do NOT have backbones.
 Invertebrates make up about 97% of all
animal species.
SPONGES
 Sponges are the simplest animal.

 Sponges’ bodies are made up of two
layers of cells without any tissue or
organs.
 All sponges live in water.
SPONGES
 Sponges strain food particles out of the

water which enters through pores in the
body wall.
 If you use a natural bath sponge, you are
using the skeleton of a dead sponge.
CNIDARIANS
 Cnidarians include jellyfish, corals, and

hydras.
 All of the approximately 10,000 species
of cnidarians live in the water.
 Cnidarians have body parts that are
arranged like spokes on a wheel. This is
called radial symmetry.
CNIDARIANS
 Cnidarians have arm-like tentacles with

stinging cells.
 These tentacles capture prey and push
them into the body to digested.
FLATWORMS
 Flatworms are flat and thin.
 Their bodies have a left side and a right side
that are the same. This is called bilateral
symmetry.
 There are more than 20,000 species of
flatworms and most are parasites which live in
or on other animals.
 An example is the tapeworm which live in the
intestines of vertebrates and absorb nutrients.
ROUNDWORMS
 Roundworms have long, round bodies

that are pointed on each end.
 Roundworms also have bilateral
symmetry.
 Of the approximate 80,000 species of
roundworms, only about 150 are
parasites.
ROUNDWORMS
 Many roundworms live in soil or in water

and help plants by insect pests.
 An example of a parasite roundworm is
the hookworm which enters the body
through the skin, settles in the intestines,
and feeds on blood.
SEGMENTED WORMS
 Segmented worms have bodies that are
divided into many sections, or segments.
 Segmented worms live in the soil, freshwater,
and the ocean.
 The earthworm is the most familiar segmented
worm. Earthworms tunnel through soil eating
small food particles. They loosen
the soil, allowing air to enter which
helps plants grow.
SEGMENTED WORMS
 Another example of a segmented worm

is the leech. Some leeches eat small
invertebrates, but some are parasites.
They attach to the skin of a vertebrate
and feed on its blood.
MOLLUSKS
 Mollusks have three parts: head, body, and
foot.
 Snails and slugs make up the largest group of
mollusks.
 Some mollusks, such as snails, clams, and
oysters, have outer shells.
 Other mollusks, such as squids, octopuses,
and slugs, have no outer shell. This allows
them to swim very fast.
ARTHROPODS
 Arthropods are the largest group of invertebrates,
making up more than 75% of all animal species.
 The major groups of arthropods are :
1. crustaceans (crabs, lobsters, crayfish)
2. arachnids (spiders, scorpions, mites, ticks)
3. centipedes
4. millipedes
5. insects
 All arthropods have external skeletons, which they
must shed to grow. This is called molting.
Crustaceans
 Crustaceans have 5 pairs of legs, some

of which have claws to help them handle
food.
 The two legs closest to the head have
powerful claws used for protection.
Arachnids
 Arachnids have 4 pairs of legs.

 Spiders and scorpions inject poison into
their prey to capture them.
 Mites feed on hair and dead skin.
 Ticks feed on blood.
Centipedes & Millipedes
 Centipedes’ and millipedes’ bodies have up to
175 segments.
 Centipedes have one pair of long legs on each
segment. They move
quickly.
 Millipedes have two pair of short legs on each

segment. They move
 slowly.
Insects
 Insects have 3 pairs of legs and most

have one or two pairs of wings. They are
the only invertebrates that can fly.
 Many insects are pests; however, many
are helpful to humans, such as bees.
 Most insects go through metamorphosis.
Complete & Incomplete
Metamorphosis
 Butterflies go through complete
metamorphosis in which the first
3 stages look nothing like the
stage 4 adult butterfly.
 Grasshoppers go through incomplete
metamorphosis in which the eggs hatch
into a stage that looks similar to the adult
grasshopper.
ECHINODERMS
 All echinoderms live in the ocean.

 Their bodies have radial symmetry.
 Echinoderms use tube feet to move.
 Examples are sea stars (starfish), sea
urchins, and sand dollars.

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CLASSIFYING

 Every animal that is not a vertebrate is an

 Sponges are the simplest animal.

 Sponges strain food particles out of the

 Cnidarians include jellyfish, corals, and

 Cnidarians have arm-like tentacles with

 Roundworms have long, round bodies

 Many roundworms live in soil or in water

 Another example of a segmented worm

 Crustaceans have 5 pairs of legs, some

 Arachnids have 4 pairs of legs.

 Millipedes have two pair of short legs on each

 Insects have 3 pairs of legs and most

 All echinoderms live in the ocean.

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