Sound Space - Presentation

Sound
Sound
What is
sound?
Sound
What is
sound?
Sound is a form
of energy that
travels in the
form of
vibrations.
Sound
What is
sound? When a drum is struck, the skin
vibrates backwards and forwards
very quickly, sending sound waves
through the air to your ears.
Sound is a form
of energy that
travels in the
form of
vibrations.
Sound
What is
sound? When a drum is struck, the skin
vibrates backwards and forwards
very quickly, sending sound waves
through the air to your ears.
Vibrations is the to
Sound is a series
and fro motion of a of waves (sound
particle about its mean
position. These waves) caused by
vibrations create
sound waves, which vibrations.
move through various
mediums (solids,
liquids & gas) before
reaching our ears.
Longitudinal Waves Eg. Sound
Longitudinal Wave
Types of Waves
Longitudinal Wave
Types of Waves
Compression Rarefaction
Longitudinal Wave
Types of Waves
In longitudinal waves the
oscillations (vibrations) are
backwards and forwards.
The different sections are
known as compressions and
rarefactions.
Longitudinal Wave
Types of Waves
In longitudinal waves the
The vibration of particles in
vibrations are backwards
longitudinal waves are parallel
and forwards. The to the direction of sound
different sections are energy.
known as compressions and
rarefactions. Sound waves are longitudinal
waves.
Sound Waves
Sound Waves
Sound Wave – Key

Fact
Sound waves are

longitudinal
waves.
Sound Waves
Sound Wave – Key

Fact
Sound waves need a
medium (material) to
travel through – they
cannot travel through a
vacuum (empty space)
Sound Waves
Sound Wave – Key

Fact
Sound waves can

travel through
solids, liquids and
gases.
How does sound travel?
How does sound travel?
Speed of Sound
Sound travels
at 343 metres
per second
Speed of Sound
Lightning travels
Sound travels much faster than the
at 343 metres sound of thunder.
per second A 3 second gap between the flash of
lightning and the sound of thunder
means that the storm is about a
kilometre away.
Speed of Sound
Lightning travels
kilometre away.
The Speed of Sound:

Depends upon the
temperature of the air.
Sound travels faster through
hot air than through cold air.
Speed of Sound
Lightning travels
kilometre away.
The Speed of Sound:

Depends upon the Is different through different
temperature of the air. materials. Eg. Fastest
Sound travels faster through through solids, then liquids,
hot air than through cold air. then gases.
Are particles needed for sound to
travel?
travel?
Bell in a Bell Jar

travel?
travel?
As the vacuum pump is
switched on, air is
drawn out of the bell
jar. The bell begins to
get quieter.
travel?
As the vacuum pump is
switched on, air is
jar. The bell begins to
get quieter.
Eventually, all the air

particles will have been
jar.
We can see the bell

ringing, but we can’t
hear it
travel?
Conclusions:
Sound needs particles

to travel.
Sound cannot travel

through a vacuum.
Sound cannot travel

through space, because
there are no particles.
Will sound travel faster through a
solid, liquid or gas?
Sound travels faster through a

solid because the particles are
more densely packed together.
Solid = 6000m/s, Water = 1480m/s, Air = 343m/s
Sound travels faster through a

solid because the particles are
more densely packed together.
Seeing the sound
The shape of the graph is sometimes called a waveform.

Sound Waves
Seeing the sound
Loudspeakers convert
the signal from the The oscilloscope
signal generator into allows us to study
sound waves. the frequency and
loudness of a sound.
Signal generators can
produce signals over a
range of frequencies and
of varying amplitudes.
Loudness - Amplitude
The maximum distance that particles move, forward or backward

in a sound wave is called the amplitude.
You can measure the amplitude in two ways:

1. The amplitude is the distance from zero to the top, or peak of the
graph.
2. The amplitude is the distance from zero to the bottom, or trough of
the graph.
Loudness - Amplitude
A quiet sound A loud sound
The larger the amplitude of the wave on the trace;

the louder the sound.
The bigger the waves you can see, the louder the sound.
Pitch (or frequency)
Pitch (or frequency)
A high pitch sound A low pitch sound.
Frequency – The number of complete vibrations per second. As the

frequency increases the higher the pitch. Frequency is measured in
hertz (Hz).
A frequency of 500Hz means 500 vibrations per second.
You may notice from the waves of higher and lower pitch, that their amplitudes
are the same. Meaning the loudness of both the sounds is the same.
So what is
our range of
hearing?
So what is
our range of
hearing?
Humans Max 20,000 Hz
Min 20 Hz
So what is
our range of
hearing?
Bat Max 120,000 Hz
Min 1,000 Hz
So what is
our range of
hearing?
Dolphin Max 150,000 Hz
Min 150 Hz
So what is
our range of
hearing?
Dog Max 50,000 Hz
Min 15 Hz
So what is
our range of
hearing?
Cat Max 65,000 Hz
Min 60 Hz
So what is
our range of
hearing?
Ultrasonic cat scarer (20kHz – 30kHz

Interference of Sound
Interference
Interference of Sound – Waves that Reinforce
Interference of Sound – Waves that Reinforce
Interference of Sound – Waves that Cancel
Interference of Sound – Waves that Cancel
Nebulae and Stellar Nurseries
Nebulae and Stellar Nurseries
Earth's Evolution
Orion Nebula
Visible: From November to March in the Northern Hemisphere
Distance: 1300 to 1,500 light-years

Carina Nebula
4 times larger and brighter than Orion Nebula Southern hemisphere
Visible: Summer and early Autumn Months
Distance: Estimated between 6500 to 10000 light-years away from earth

Formation of the Moon
Formation of the Moon

Tectonics
Tectonics
Tectonics – Tectonic Plate Movement/Continental Drift
Tectonics – Fossil Record
Tectonics – Fossil Record
Tectonics – Magnetic Field
Tectonics – Mid-Oceanic Ridges
Tectonics – Mid-Oceanic Ridges
Tectonics – Earthquakes and Volcanoes
Tectonics
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Sound

Sound Wave – Key

Sound waves are

Sound Wave – Key

Sound Wave – Key

Sound waves can

The Speed of Sound:

The Speed of Sound:

Bell in a Bell Jar

Eventually, all the air

We can see the bell

Sound needs particles

Sound cannot travel

Sound cannot travel

Sound travels faster through a

Sound travels faster through a

The shape of the graph is sometimes called a waveform.

The maximum distance that particles move, forward or backward

You can measure the amplitude in two ways:

A quiet sound A loud sound

The larger the amplitude of the wave on the trace;

A high pitch sound A low pitch sound.

Frequency – The number of complete vibrations per second. As the

Humans Max 20,000 Hz

Bat Max 120,000 Hz

Dolphin Max 150,000 Hz

Dog Max 50,000 Hz

Cat Max 65,000 Hz

Ultrasonic cat scarer (20kHz – 30kHz

Nebulae and Stellar Nurseries

Visible: From November to March in the Northern Hemisphere

Distance: 1300 to 1,500 light-years

4 times larger and brighter than Orion Nebula Southern hemisphere

Visible: Summer and early Autumn Months

Distance: Estimated between 6500 to 10000 light-years away from earth

Formation of the Moon

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