0 - Rno. 02 Unani, Homeopathy System of Medicine

UNANI
SYSTEM OF
MEDICINE
UNANI
SYSTEM OF
MEDICINE
BY: SAKSHI CHODANKAR
ROLLNO: 02
MPHARM SEM I
PHARMACOGNOSY
Unani medicine, is a traditional system of healing and health maintenance
that originated from Greece.
This medical system emphasizes the balance of bodily fluids and has been
practised predominantly in South Asia and Middle East.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Greek influence: Unani medicine can be
treated back to the teachings of Hippocrates
and Galen.
Islamic Golden Age: The system flourished in

the Islamic golden age, with scholars like Ibn
Sina(Avicenna) contributing significantly to its
development.
South Asia Expansion: Unani medicine was

introduced to India around the 10th century
by Persian scholars and became an essential
part of the subcontinent’s medical practise.
MAIN PRINCIPLE
– Unani system, considers that the entire universe is made of

four basic elements viz; fire, air ,earth and water.
– These elements are present in human body that represent
various qualities.
– Unani system is based on two theories:
– Hippocratic theory of four humours
– Pythogorian theory of four proximate qualities.
HIPPOCRATIC PYTHOGORIAN
THEORY THEORY
• Blood(Dum) • Hot and Moist(Air)
• Phlegm(Balgham) • Hot and Dry(Fire)
• Yellow bile(Safra) • Cold and
• Black bile(Souda) Moist(water)
• Cold and Dry(Earth)
The human body is considered to be made up of the following seven
components:-
• Elements(Arkan): Which consists of the 4 elements viz; earth, air,
water, fire.
• Temperament (Mizaj): Temperament of each individual is said to be

very unique and is the result of the interaction of the above 4
elements.
• Humors(Akhlat): Humours are the moist and fluid parts of the body
which are produced after transformation and metabolism of the
ailments .The humors are responsible for maintaining moisture of
different organs of the body and also provide nutrition to the body.
• Organs (Aaza):These are the various organs of the human body. The
health or disease of each individual organ affects the state of health
of the whole body.
• Spirits(Arwah): Ruh (spirit) is a gaseous substance obtained from the

inspired air ,helps in all metabolic activities of the body .Source if
vitality for all the organs of the body.
• Faculties(Qawa): these are of three types.

1. Natural power (Quwa Tabiyah)-Natural power is the power of
metabolism and reproduction.
2. Psychic power- Refers to nervous and psychic power. Located inside
the brain and is responsible for perceptive and motive powers.
3.Vital power(Quwa Haywaniyah)-This power is responsible for
maintaining life. It is located in the heart .it keeps the life running in the
tissues.
– Function(Afaal):This components refers to the movements and

functions of all the organs of the body.
DIAGNOSIS
The diagnosis involves investigating the cause of the
disease thoroughly and in detail.
For this, the physician mainly depends on pulse reading
and examination of urine and stool.
The ten condition of pulse observed during the diagnosis

are:
• Quantity
• Force
• Duration of movement
• Palpitation of the pulse
• Rhythm
PHYSICAL EXAIMINATION
Carried out for the diagnosis of urinogenital disorders,
pathogenesis of blood and other humors, metabolic disorders
and liver diseases.
The following observations of urine are made:

• Colour
• Consistency
• Odour
• Clearness and turbidity
• Foam or froth
The examination of stool, its colour, quantity, consistency and the
presence of foreign body help very much in the diagnosis of various
diseases.
STRENGTH OF UNANI
Unani system of medicine has very remarkable strength in the following
disorders:
• Skin disorders
• Digestive disorders
• Mental disorders
• Sexual disorders
• Gynaecological disorders
• Neurological disorders
TREATMENT OF UNANI SYSTEM
Disease are treated in the following way:
• Ilajbil Tad beer (Regimental therapy): This includes various
drugless regimens for treatment of ailments that are exercise,
massage, Hamam (Turkish Bath), Douches(cold and hot) and
regimen for geriatrics.
• Ilajbil Ghiza (Dietotherapy): Different diets are recommended for

patients of different diseases.
• Ilajbil Dava (Pharmacotherapy):It deals with the use of medicine,

most commonly natural drugs are used.
• Ilajbil Yad (Surgery)

UNANI DOSAGE FORM
• Safoof powder : Dry medicament or a mixture of several medicinal
ingredients which is grounded or triturated and sieved.
• Majoon: it is a polyherbal formulation, containing twenty ingredients.

Used as digestive, purgative, anti inflammatory, stomachic and
phlegmatic diseases.
• Sharbat: it is a concentrated liquor which is made from decoction of

fruit juice by addition of sugar to yield qiwam.
• Marham: semi-solid medication prepared by fine powder.
• Laooq: linctus or tincture employed as remedial medicine for lungs,

throat and allied ailments.
HOMEOPATHY SYSTEM OF
MEDICINE HOMEOPATHY
SYSTEM OF
MEDICINE
• Homeo meaning similar and pathos means suffering, hence
homeopathy means similar suffering.
• It means the cause of the disease itself can be used for its treatment
or the substance producing similar symptoms of disease in healthy
individuals can be used to treat that disease.
• Homeopathy was introduced by a German physician Dr. Samuel
Hahnemann.
• Basic principle of homeopathy is “Similia Similibus Curantur”
meaning let like be treated by likes.
Seven Principles of Homeopathy
– Individualization
– Principle of Similia
– Principle of Simplex
– Principle of Minimum dose
– Law of Proving
– Law of Dynamization
– Vital Force
• Individualisation
The concept maintains that no two individuals in the world are same, hence
disease affecting the individuals and their response to it cannot be similar.
The individual response to a disease would be different from person to
person. Thus the medicines used to cure the same disease in different
individuals are different.
• Principle of Similia
Substances which are the cause of disease or produce similar symptoms in
healthy individuals can be used to cure the disease in patients(Vaccines).
• Principle of Simplex
This principle states the use of single, simple medicine at one time. As far as
possible combination practise is avoided in homeopathy.
• Principle of Minimum Dose
This rules states that dose of the drug is inversely proportional to its
potency(lower the dose ,more potent the drug is).
• Law of proving
The testing of drugs is done on healthy volunteers. If the drug produces
similar symptoms in a healthy person as that of the diseased person,
the drug is considered as suitable for treating that disease.
Example: Cinchona (anti-malarial drug) produced symptoms of malaria

in healthy persons, hence it can be used to treat malaria.
Ipecac(anti-emetic) produced emesis in healthy persons, hence it can
be used to treat vomiting.
• Law of vital force
It states that life depends on an important and undetectable “Vital
Force” which runs through the body known as Vitalism which if
disturbed will lead to illness or disease.
Homeopathy medicine restores the vital energy balance and stimulates
the body’s own healing process.
DIAGNOSIS IN HOMEOPATHY
• Homeopathy usually collects an extremely detailed case history.

• Patients are asked to describe their medical history and current
symptoms.
• The major symptoms location, sensation and modality is investigated.
• Presence/Absence of symptoms according to changes in
weather ,season, time of day etc are recorded.
• Detailed information about patients mood and behaviour, likes and
dislikes , reaction to food are recorded.
• All this study helps to build up a “Symptoms picture” of the patient.
• This “symptoms picture” is matched with the “Drug picture” mentioned
in homeopathic Materia Medica and finally the treatment is started.
TREATMENT
Practitioners usually attempt to identify a single medicine which corresponds

to the patients general symptom picture.
Two patients with identical diagnosis may receive different medicines.
There are principally 3 essential processes involved in the preparation of
remedies.
Serial dilution: It is the process for reducing toxicity of original crude drug in
sequential order.
Succession
Trituration: in this method the power is delivered to a preparation, whereby
the curative property of the original drug is recovered upon the molecules of
the diluent.
Potentization of drug is basically a physical process by which the latent
curative property of a drug are activated .Potencies are denoted by “C”.
SOURCES OF HOMEOPATHIC MEDICINE
Plant sources : Belladonna, Marigold, Chamomile, Colchicum, Hemlock,
Ipecacuanha, Opium, Ergot, Nux vomica , Aconite.
Animal sources:
Secretions, saliva, poisons, whole animal
example Mag Phos, used as antispasmodic
drug.
Crushed honey bee preparation used in
inflammation.
Minerals and metals:

Inorganic salts, acids and mixtures.
Serum:
Protoplasm of animals, hormones.
Vehicles used in homeopathic
medicines:
• Solids: Lactose Globules, Pellets, Tabloids
• Semi-solid: Lanolin, Spermaceti
• Liquids: Alcohol, Glycerine, Olive oil.
REFERENCE
– Herbal drug technology, PV publication.

– Herbal drug technology, Nirali Prakashan.
– https://ayush.delhi.gov.in/ayush/unani
– https://comha.org.uk/unani-medicine-leveraging-a-holistic-healing-approach/
– https://www.slideshare.net/USrinivasa/unani-medicine
– https://www.slideshare.net/MahewashPathan/homeopathic-system-of-medicin
e
– https://anthroholic.com/unani

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UNANI

Islamic Golden Age: The system flourished in

South Asia Expansion: Unani medicine was

– Unani system, considers that the entire universe is made of

• Temperament (Mizaj): Temperament of each individual is said to be

• Spirits(Arwah): Ruh (spirit) is a gaseous substance obtained from the

• Faculties(Qawa): these are of three types.

– Function(Afaal):This components refers to the movements and

The ten condition of pulse observed during the diagnosis

The following observations of urine are made:

• Ilajbil Ghiza (Dietotherapy): Different diets are recommended for

• Ilajbil Dava (Pharmacotherapy):It deals with the use of medicine,

• Ilajbil Yad (Surgery)

• Majoon: it is a polyherbal formulation, containing twenty ingredients.

• Sharbat: it is a concentrated liquor which is made from decoction of

• Marham: semi-solid medication prepared by fine powder.

• Laooq: linctus or tincture employed as remedial medicine for lungs,

Example: Cinchona (anti-malarial drug) produced symptoms of malaria

• Homeopathy usually collects an extremely detailed case history.

Practitioners usually attempt to identify a single medicine which corresponds

Minerals and metals:

– Herbal drug technology, PV publication.

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