Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 22 views

    Isomerism

    Uploaded by

    Aruna Sri
    The document discusses isomerism, providing examples of structural isomers of alkanes and alkenes with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties. It also describes the properties of alkanes like methane, noting they are generally unreactive except in combustion, where they burn to produce energy, and substitution by chlorine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Isomerism

    Uploaded by

    Aruna Sri
    22 views14 pages
    The document discusses isomerism, providing examples of structural isomers of alkanes and alkenes with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties. It also describes the properties of alkanes like methane, noting they are generally unreactive except in combustion, where they burn to produce energy, and substitution by chlorine.

    Original Title

    Isomerism.ppt

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses isomerism, providing examples of structural isomers of alkanes and alkenes with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties. It also describes the properties of alkanes like methane, noting they are generally unreactive except in combustion, where they burn to produce energy, and substitution by chlorine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    22 views14 pages

    Isomerism

    Uploaded by

    Aruna Sri
    The document discusses isomerism, providing examples of structural isomers of alkanes and alkenes with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties. It also describes the properties of alkanes like methane, noting they are generally unreactive except in combustion, where they burn to produce energy, and substitution by chlorine.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    ISOMERISM

    ISOMERISM
    ISOMERISM

    • Ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether have different structural formula. But their
    molecular formula is same which is C2H6O
    • Different physical and chemical properties
    • This phenomenon is known as isomerism
    • Ethyl alcohol and dimethyl ether are called isomers of each other
    ISOMERISM OF
    ALKANE
    • First three alkanes –
    methane, ethane and
    propane have only one
    structure

    • higher alkanes can have


    more than one structure
    ISOMERISM OF ALKANE
    write structures for C4H10
    • carbon atoms of C4H10 can be joined either in a continuous
    chain or with a branched chain

    1. Butane (n- butane)

    2. 2-Methylpropane (isobutane)
    ISOMERISM OF ALKANE
    Isomer of C5H12?

    Structures I is same molecular formula


    1 straight chain and 2 & 3 possess same
    molecular formula-branched chain but
    differ in their boiling points and other
    properties.

    3
    ISOMERISM OF ALKANE
    Write structures of different chain isomers of alkanes
    corresponding to the molecular formula C6H14. Also write
    their IUPAC names
    .
    ISOMERISM OF ALKANE
    Write structures of different isomeric alkyl groups corresponding to the
    molecular formula C5H11. Write IUPAC names of alcohols obtained by
    attachment of –OH groups at different carbons of the chain.
    Total -8 isomer formed
    ISOMERISM OF ALKENE
    • As in alkanes, ethene (C2H4 ) and propene (C3H6 ) can have
    only one structure
    • Alkenes higher than propene have different structures.
    • Alkenes possessing C4H8 as molecular formula can be written
    as

    Structures I and III, and II and


    III are the examples of chain
    isomerism whereas
    structures I and II are
    position isomers
    ISOMERISM OF ALKENE
    • Write structures and IUPAC names of different structural
    isomers of alkenes corresponding to C5H10.
    ISOMERISM OF ALKENE
    • Write structures and IUPAC names of different structural
    isomers of alkenes corresponding to C6H12.
    It has 25 Isomers only 4 is shown below

    2-Hexene

    3 Hexene 2-Methyl-1-pentene
    DESCRIBE THE PROPERTIES OF ALKANES (EXEMPLIFIED BY METHANE) AS
    BEING GENERALLY UNREACTIVE EXCEPT IN TERMS OF COMBUSTION AND
    SUBSTITUTION BY CHLORINE

    Alkanes, like methane, are generally unreactive due to their strong C-C and C-H
    bonds. However, they can undergo two main types of reactions:
    1. Combustion:
    Alkanes on heating in the presence of air or dioxygen are completely oxidized to carbon
    dioxide and water with the evolution of large amount of heat.

    Due to the evolution of large amount of heat during combustion, alkanes are used as fuels.
    During incomplete combustion of alkanes with insufficient amount of air or dioxygen, carbon
    black is formed which is used in the manufacture of ink, printer ink, black pigments and as
    filters.
    Alkanes readily burn in the presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor,
    releasing energy. For example, methane (CH4) combusts to form carbon dioxide (CO2) and
    water (H2O):
    DESCRIBE THE PROPERTIES OF ALKANES (EXEMPLIFIED BY METHANE) AS
    BEING GENERALLY UNREACTIVE EXCEPT IN TERMS OF COMBUSTION AND
    SUBSTITUTION BY CHLORINE

    2.Substitution by halogens (e.g., chlorine):


    In the presence of halogens like chlorine (Cl2), alkanes can undergo substitution reactions
    where one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced by halogen atoms. This reaction is initiated
    by UV light or heat.

    You might also like