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    Week 4 Enzymes

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    sabeera.ahmad
    The document discusses enzymes, including defining them as globular proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions and explaining their mode of action by lowering activation energy and having an active site. It also describes how enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, pH, and inhibitors affect enzyme action and discusses commercial uses and immobilization of enzymes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Week 4 Enzymes

    Uploaded by

    sabeera.ahmad
    8 views8 pages
    The document discusses enzymes, including defining them as globular proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions and explaining their mode of action by lowering activation energy and having an active site. It also describes how enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, pH, and inhibitors affect enzyme action and discusses commercial uses and immobilization of enzymes.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    The document discusses enzymes, including defining them as globular proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions and explaining their mode of action by lowering activation energy and having an active site. It also describes how enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, pH, and inhibitors affect enzyme action and discusses commercial uses and immobilization of enzymes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    8 views8 pages

    Week 4 Enzymes

    Uploaded by

    sabeera.ahmad
    The document discusses enzymes, including defining them as globular proteins that catalyze metabolic reactions and explaining their mode of action by lowering activation energy and having an active site. It also describes how enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature, pH, and inhibitors affect enzyme action and discusses commercial uses and immobilization of enzymes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Learning Outcomes: Enzymes

    -
    Define enzymes as globular proteins which catalyse metabolic
    reactions
    -
    Explain the mode of action of enzymes in terms of: lowering of
    activation energy, enzyme/substrate complex, active site, enzyme
    specificity.
    -
    Describe and explain the effect of enzyme concentration, substrate
    concentration, temperature, pH, competitive and non competitive
    inhibitors on enzyme action
    -
    Draw and interpret investigative enzyme graphs.
    -
    Evaluate the commercial uses of enzymes such as glucose oxidase
    in chemical identification.
    -
    Discuss the advantages of the immobilisation of commercial
    enzymes, eg lactase
    Enzymes

    •Enzymes are biological catalysts: they alter the rate of a chemical reaction
    but are not altered or used up by the reaction they catalyse
    •They cannot cause reactions to occur, they can only speed up reactions
    that would otherwise take place extremely slowly
    •Complex three-dimensional globular proteins, sometimes associated with
    other molecules
    •While the enzyme molecule is usually larger than the substrate it acts
    upon, only a small part of the enzyme – the active site – comes into
    contact with the substrate
    •Only a few amino acids make up the active site. They are often distant in
    the polypeptide chain but tertiary folding brings them close together
    •All enzymes only operate on specific substrates
    • Activation energy = amount of energy required to cause a reaction to
    happen
    • An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation
    energy
    Mechanism of enzyme action
    •Thought to operate on a lock and key mechanism; very precise fit
    •The two molecules form a temporary structure called the enzyme-substrate
    complex. The R groups of the amino acids in the active site interact with the
    substrate
    •The products have a different shape from the substrate so, once formed, they
    escape from the active site leaving it free to attach to another substrate molecule
    •Modern interpretations of the lock and key mechanism suggest an induced fit, i.e.
    the presence of the substrate may change the shape of the active site
    •The enzyme initially has a binding site which attracts the substrate
    •On binding the substrate the shape of the active site changes
    •The new shape is catalytically active and affects the shape of the substrate,
    lowering its activation energy
    Properties of Enzymes

    •Enzymes are specific – some ‘locks’ (bonds) can only be opened with a single
    key, some opened by similar keys, others by many different keys.

    •Some enzymes only act on one isomer. Others act on similar molecules, others
    will break a particular chemical linkage wherever it occurs.

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