TECHNICAL ENGLISH

1
LEGAL FORMS
CRIME DETECTION AND INVESTIGATION
(CDI5)
What is TECHNICAL WRITING?
• The word “Technical” comes from the Greek word “teache” means
“skill”. Technical writing is a form of technical skills and used in
fields like the military, police, computer industry, robotics, finance,
consumer electronics, biotechnology, and many other fields.
• Technical writing according to Vicente, et,al (1997) is also termed as
report writing, which is the giving of an account or description of an
aspect of a particular art, science, trade, or profession learned by
experience, study, observation, or investigation.
HOW DO YOU DEFINED A POLICE
REPORT?
1. Police Report is any written matter prepared by the Police involving
their inter action with the community.
2. Police report is an exact narration of facts discovered during the
course of crime investigation which serves as a permanent written
record for future reference.
3. Police Report is a permanent written record of police activities
classified as informal and formal which communicates important
facts concerning people involved in criminal activities.
WHAT ARE THE PURPOSES OF POLICE
REPORTS?
1. Written report to serve as the raw materials from which records system
are made
2. Written report to reveal as part of the component of the record system,
the direct relationship between the efficiency of the department and the
quality to its reports and reporting procedures.
3. Written report to guide police administrators for policy formulation and
decision making.
4. Written report to serve as a gauge/yardstick tor efficiency evaluation to
police officers.
5. Written report to guide prosecutors and courts in the trial to criminal
cases investigated by the police.
WHAT IS POLICE REPORT?
• According to Dr. Oscar Soriano, report is basically a story of actions
performed by man. A police report is a chronological or step-by-step
account of an accident that transpired in a given time, at a given
place. It is also defined as an account of an investigation, of an official
statement of facts. Police reports result from the fact that someone
has asked for them and needs them for immediate or future use. In
any event, police reporting has become one of the most significant
processes in modern police operations.
WHAT ARE THE IMPORTANT USES OF
REPORT WRITING?
• Reports serve as records for police administration in planning.
directing, and organizing the unit's duties.
• Reports can he used as legal documents in the prosecution of
criminals
• Reports are utilized by other agencies.
• Reports can be useful to tri-media for public information purposes.
• Reports can be utilized for search purposes.
• Repots improve the personality of the writer.
WHAT ARE THE CRITERIA TO BE
CONSIDERED IN REPORT WRITING?
The Language;
1. Clarity- The police report must be clear and it should be written
directly and easy to understand.
2. Accuracy - The police report must conform with the established
rules of syntax, format, spelling and grammar. The data presented
must be precise and the information given must be factual.
3. Brevity - The police report must be short, with simple sentences,
common words and easy to understand.
4. Specificity - The police report must be specific by using
concrete examples. A good descriptive narration gives life
to the written words through particular terms that project
hues, movements, quantities and shapes.
5. Completeness - The police report must be complete by
using the 5W's and 1H.
6. Timeliness- The police report must be submitted on time.
As much as possible immediately after the incident has
happened.
7. Security- the police report must be considered classified,
hence, transmission, handling, and access to these reports
should be limited only to police personnel who are granted
by higher authority security clearance. It is a top secret
documents.
8. Impartiality - The police report must know what the
receiving office needs to know. Important data must not
be omitted or added to conceal responsibilities, to impute
liabilities or to favor parties
WHAT IS NEEDED IN PREPARING AND
WRITING A REPORT?
The police writer will make an outline from the facts to the case and
follow a chronological sequence. After an outline has been identified they
will make sure that their notes will be organized and reviewed first for
completeness prior to the actual writing of the report. The outline should
answer the 5Ws and 1H the facts presented in report writing should prove
the importance of police report. The real answer lies in the quality to the
result of accomplishment and basic principles The police reports are from
simple, brief memorandum to a complex. Formal investigation requires
the application to basic standards such as clear, pertinent, brief, complete,
current, accurate, fair properly classified, informative, and objective. It
should be submitted in proper format and should be on time
WHAT ARE THE TWO (2) TYPES OF
POLICE REPORT
1. An informal report usually is a letter or memorandum or any
one of many prescribed or used in day-by-day police
operation. It customarily carries three items besides the text
proper; date submitted, subject, and persons or person to
whom submitted. It may, however, contain many items of
administrative importance along with the Subject matter of
the text. Actually, most police reports may be placed in this
category.
2. 2. A formal report suggests a full-dress treatment, including
cover, title page. Letter of transmittal, summary sheet, text,
appendixes, and perhaps an index and bibliography.
WHAT ARE THE CLASSIFICATION OF
POLICE REPORT?
a. Performance report which contains information as to the status of an
activity, activities, or operations.
b. Fact-finding report which involves the gathering and presentation of
data in logical order, without an attempt to draw conclusions.
c. Technical report which presents data on a specialized subject.
d. Problem-determining report which attempts to find the causes
underlying a problem or to find whether or not a problem really exists.
e. Problem solution report which analyzes the thought process that lies
behind the solution of a particular problem.
HOW ARE POLICE REPORTS
CATEGORIZED?
• Operational reports include those relating to the reporting of police incidents,
investigation, arrests, identification of persons, and a mass of miscellaneous reports
necessary to the conduct to routine police operations.
• Internal Business Reports relate to the reporting necessary to the management of the
agency and include financial reports, personnel reports, purchase reports, equipment
reports, property maintenance reports, and general correspondence.
• Technical Reports presents data on any specialized subject, but usually relate to
completed staff work and add to the specific knowledge necessary to proper
functioning of police management.
• Summary Reports furnish intelligence information necessary to the solution of crime
accident, and police administrative problems.
WHAT ARE THE ELEMENTS FOR A
CRIME TO HAPPEN?
"For any crime to happen, there are three (3) elements or ingredients
that must be present at the same time and place. These are the
MOTIVES, the INSTRUMENTALITIES and the OPPORTUNITIES. The
MOTIVES are the reasons or causes why a person or groups or persons
perpetuate a crime. Examples are disputes, economic gain, jealousy,
revenge insanity, and thrill. Intoxication, drug addiction and many
others.
 The INSTRUMENTALITIES are the means or
instruments used in the commission of the crime. It
The OPPORTUNITIES consist of the acts of omission could be firearm, a bolo, a fan knife, an icepick,
and/or commission by a person (the victim) which poison or obnoxious substance, a crow bar, a
enable another person or group of persons (the battery-operated hand drill for carnapping, motor
INSTRUMENTALITIES
criminal/s) to perpetrate the crime. Illustrative vehicle, etc. Both the Motives and instrumentalities
examples include leaving one's home or car belong to and are harbored and wielded
unattended for a long time, walking all alone in a respectively by the criminal.
well-known crime prone alley, wearing expensive
jewelries in slum area, readily admitting a stranger
into one's residence and the like. Opportunity is OPPORTUNITIES
synonymous with carelessness, acts of indiscretion
and lack of crime prevention consciousness on the
part of the victim.
The MOTIVES a reason for doing
something, especially one that is
MOTIVES hidden or not obvious. "a motive for
his murder
WHAT IS POLICE VISIBILITY?
When we talk about police visibility, we should not limit ourselves to
just presence or being actually physically present. POLICE VISIBILITY is
more than that.
WHAT ARE THE (3) THREE THINGS
THAT WE SHOULD CONSIDER IN
POLICE VISIBILITY?
1. Physical Presence 3. Response
• Visible as Police • Proper
• Easy to locate units
• Adequate
2. Patrolling Scheme
• Timely (ideal: 5 mins)
• Mobile
• Integrated
• Widespread, Supportive and
• Redundant Coverage
YES, PHYSICAL PRESENCE at the area or at the crime scene is very
important. It is the immediate feedback to the public that their police is
on the job. Although we may be actually present in the area but
because oftentimes, we are not in proper police uniform, the
community fails to physically see our police presence in the area. How
many times have we seen police personnel when respond in civilian
clothes, in T-shirts and shorts even. Because of the non-wearing of
uniform, the police is seen by the community to look more like
criminals than police. Surprisingly to, the community when ask to
pinpoint the nearest Police unit cannot actually locate their nearest
police units or headquarters. There should be standard police sign easy
to identity and recognize.
Another aspect of police visibility is our PATROLLING SCHEME. Various
patrol components are joined together to complement and support one
another to ensure widespread and redundant coverage. We optimize the
deployment of various patrol elements to have a truly effective crime
deterrence.

The area where the PNP is most often criticized, is the third aspect of
police visibility, that of response. The POLICE RESPONSE should be
proper, adequate and that it really satisfy the requirement, and most
especially be timely to compensate tor non-presence.