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    Lecture 1 Introduction To Programming

    Uploaded by

    Pritika Sachdeva

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Lecture 1 Introduction To Programming

    Uploaded by

    Pritika Sachdeva
    11 views14 pages

    Original Title

    Lecture 1 Introduction to Programming

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

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    11 views14 pages

    Lecture 1 Introduction To Programming

    Uploaded by

    Pritika Sachdeva

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    INTRODUCTION TO

    COMPUTER
    PROGRAMMING

    1
    Introduction to Programming
    Program: The term program refers to a set of instructions
    that instructs a computer on what to do. Programs are
    Solutions to Problems, and they are written using
    programming languages.
    •A program can instruct a computer to:
    – Read/ accept Input data
    – Calculate or compare
    – Store data
    – Write or display Output and communication messages.

    2
    ALGORITHM
    SEQUENCE OF STEPS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS

    3
    ALGORITHM
    SEQUENCE OF STEPS TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMS

    4
    Advantages of algorithm

    • It is a step-wise representation of a solution to a given problem,


    which makes it easy to understand.
    • An algorithm uses a definite procedure.
    • It is not dependent on any programming language, so it is easy to
    understand for anyone even without programming knowledge.
    • Every step in an algorithm has its own logical sequence so it is easy
    to debug.

    5
    FLOWCHART

    A flowchart is
    a graphical
    representation
    of steps.

    6
    7
    8
    Advantages of flowchart:

    • Flowchart is an excellent way of communicating the logic of a


    program.

    • Easy and efficient to analyze problem using flowchart.

    • During program development cycle, the flowchart plays the role of


    a blueprint, which makes program development process easier.

    • After successful development of a program, it needs continuous


    timely maintenance during the course of its operation. The
    flowchart makes program or system maintenance easier.

    • It is easy to convert the flowchart into any programming language


    code.

    9
    DECISION STRUCTURES
    • The structure is as follows

    If condition then

    true alternative

    else
    false alternative
    endif

    10
    Example 1: Write an algorithm to determine a student’s final grade and
    indicate whether it is passing or failing. The final grade is calculated as the
    average of four marks.

    1. Input a set of 4 marks


    2. Calculate their average by
    summing and dividing by 4
    3. if average is below 50
    4. Print “FAIL” else Print “PASS”

    Step 1: Input M1,M2,M3,M4


    Step 2: GRADE (M1+M2+M3+M4)/4
    Step 3: if (GRADE <50 )
    Step 4: PRINT “ FAIL”
    ELSE
    PRINT “ PASS “

    11
    Example 2 Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart to convert the length
    in feet to centimeter.

    1. Input the length in feet (Lft)


    2. Calculate the length in cm (Lcm)
    by multiplying LFT with 30
    3. Print length in cm (LCM)

    Step 1: Input Lft


    Step 2: Lcm Lft x 30
    Step 3: Print Lcm

    12
    13
    PRACTICE QUESTIONS

    1. Write an algorithm and draw a flowchart that will read the two sides of a
    rectangle and calculate its area.

    2. Algorithm & Flowchart to find the sum of two numbers

    3. Algorithm & Flowchart to convert temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit

    4. Algorithm & Flowchart to find Area and Perimeter of Circle

    14

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