CEHNDF221698

A PROPOSAL REPORT ON
INFLUENCE OF EGGSHELL ASH AND STONE POWDER ON

GEOGRAPHICAL PROPERTIES OF EXPANSIVE SOIL
Prepared by:
EMUDAINOHWO EMMANUEL
CE/HND/F22/1698
SUBMITTED TO
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, SCHOOL OF

NATURAL RESOURCES ENGINEERING AND
TECHNOLOGY, FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC, OFFA, KWARA
STATE
SUPERVISED BY: ENGR. OYENIYAN W.O
MARCH, 2024
Outline
• BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
• PROBLEM STATEMENT
• AIM AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
• LITERATURE REVIEW
• REVIEW OF SOME PREVIOUS WORK
• MATERIALS AND METHOD
• REFERENCES
Introduction
• Expansive soil is rocks material or soil that has • The use of Eggshells ash (ESA) and Stone Powder (SP) as
potential for shrinking or swelling under changing Stabilizing agents on the geographical prosperity of soil is
moisture. Condition however, the term expansive to improve the strength parameters of Expansive soil such
Soil and swell potential will generally be used in a as clay soil, silt soil, Sandy Soil etc.
universal sense to refer to soils that are both shrink
or swell which is also referred to as collapsible • The unique composition of expansive clays makes highly
soil. (John D. Nelson eat al.,) problematic, displaying significant changes in volume due
to fluctuation in moisture level.(Tadesse Endale Teferra.,
• The primary problem that arises with regard to 2023)
expansive soils is that deformations are
• Amu et al 2005) also investigated on the effect of eggshell
significantly greater than elastic deformations and
powder (ESP) on the Stabilizing potential of lime on an
cannot be Predicted by Classical elastic or plastic
Expansive clay soil, conclude that lime has exhibited its
theory. Expansive soil causes more damage to
superior potency over (ESP) as a stabilizing agent in all
structures Particular light building and pavements, ramifications of engineering properties except for the
than any other natural Hazard, including Barth maximum dry density (MDD) and optimum moisture
quakes and flood (Jones and Holtz, 1973). content where ESP proved better.
• Expansive soils (ES) present significant structural
and geotechnical challenges worldwide. The soil
deformations (swell/shrink) induce significant
defects in Lightweight construction. (Armand
Augustin Fondjo et al., 2021).
PROBLEM STATEMENT
The expansive nature of soil poses significant Challenges in
construction and infrastructure development due to their tendency to
undergo volumetric Changes, leading to soil instability and structural
damage.
• Regions where Expansive soils are Prevalent, there is a pressing need
to explore Sustainable and cost-effective solutions to mitigate their
advance effect on geotechnical properties.
Aim and Objective of Study
The aim of this research is to focus on the Influence of Eggshell Ash (ESA) and stone powder
(SP) on the geotechnical properties of expensive soil.
Objective
The primary objective of this study is to investigate the Influence of eggshell ash and Stone
powder on the geotechnical properties of expansive soil. The following are the main Objectives
of this study.
• to determine the chemical and elemental composition and Microstructural analysis present in
ESA and SP.
• to study the effect of ESA and SP on different percentage mix by dry weight of the lateritic
soil..
• to evaluate the strength characteristics of soil through the effect of ESA and SP.
• to determine the Optimal amount of ESA and SP needed to improve the Strength Properties
of Lateritic Soil.
LITERATURE REVIEW
• Soil and its properties Earlier, soil improvement has being in the qualitative sense
only, but more recently, it has also become associated with
Soil includes various materials such as gravel, Sand, silt and quantitative values of strength and durability, which are related
clay, which are deposited by factors Such as, water or wind and to performance.
the marine clay and beach sand of the soft coastal areas, bed
spring, tin cans and ashes of a city dump. Soil can be relatively • Method of Soil Stabilization
easily broken down into the constituent mineral or Organic • Soil Stabilization can take place through the fall method.
particles.
• Mechanical stabilization
• Composition of Soil.
The stabilization of soils through mechanical means include
• Soil is composed of mineral particles. Organic matter, compaction, vibration (of various techniques) and blasting.
Loader and air. The following are the composition of Soil. Mechanical stabilization by compaction means is no
• Formation of soil densification of the soil by the application of mechanical
energy. It involves the modification of the water content as well
• Soil is formed from the physical and chemical weather as the gradation of the soil.
• Chemical stabilization.
Stabilization of expansive soil
The addition of Chemical compounds, to expansive soils
Stabilization is the aimed to improving the engineering properties increase the strength, bearing capacity and durability of the soil.
of soil, which may involve increasing the soil density, increase in These organic or inorganic chemical compounds perform
cohesion frictional resistance and reduction of plasticity index cementations and bonding agent or water Proofers / repellants.
Review of some previous work
S/N Authors Focus on the paper Key point covered Techniques use Gap
1 O.O. Amu et al., 2005 Effect of eggshell powder Lime, eggshell, stabilization, Compaction Test It could be seen that ESP
on the stabilizing potential Clay soil. cannot successfully replace
of lime on an expansive clay lime as a material for
soil. California Bearing Ratio Test effective stabilization
Unconfined Compression
Test
Undrained Triaxial Test
2 Nur Irfah Mohd Pauzi et al.,

2019
WASTE SOIL
IMPROVEMENT USING EGG
Waste soil improvement,
open dumping area, egg
Particle Size Distribution the optimized value of the
eggshell powder and lime
SHELL POWDER AND LIME shell powder, lime, Physical and Mechanical to be added to waste soil.
AT OPEN DUMPING AREA compressive strength Properties of Waste Soil
Compression Test
Unconfined Compressive
Strength
Optimization of the
Unconfined Compressive
Strength
3 Tadesse Endale Teferra et

al., 2023
Influence of eggshell Ash
and stone powder on
Eggshell ash, clay soil, stone
powder
future investigations
explore a wider range of
geotechnical properties of incineration temperatures
expansive clay in Dukem to ascertain their impact on
Town eggshell properties
Methodology and Material
Materials Possible procedure
• Lateritic soil • Collection of soil sample from site.
• Eggshell ash
• Drying of eggshell and burning at certain temperatures.
• Stone powder
Test to carryout • Laboratory test.

• Water moisture content • Conduct physical and chemical analysis test to
characterize the soil sample, Stone powder and Eggshell
• Specific gravity Ash.
• Liquid limit, plastic limit and plasticity index
• Particle size distribution analysis using sieve and
• Grain size distribution sedimentation.
• Chemical composition in expansive soil • Determine the soil plasticity and liquidity limit by
• Maximum dry density Atterberg limit test.
• Optimum moisture content • Carry out particle size distribution analysis .
• CBR test
• X-rays Diffraction
Some selection Reference
Amu, O. O., Fajobi, A. B., & Oke, B. O. (2005). Effect of eggshell powder on the stabilizing potential of lime
on an expansive clay soil. Research journal of Agriculture and biological sciences, 1(1), 80-84.
Holtz, R. D., Kovacs, W. D., & Sheahan, T. C. (1981). An introduction to geotechnical engineering (Vol. 733).
Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall.
Hussein Elarasi. (2010). Damage mechanism of expansive soil. Institute of Geotechnical Engineering,
University of Stuttgart, Germany, 2010.
Jones Jr, D. E., & Holtz, W. G. (1973). Expansive soils-the hidden disaster. Civil engineering, 43(8)
Paul, A., Anumol, V. S., Moideen, F., Jose, J. K., & Abraham, A. (2014). Studies on improvement of clayey soil
using egg shell powder and quarry dust. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 4(4),
55-63.
Pauzi, M. N. I. M., Aziz, M. A. A. M. A., Ismail, M. S., & Omar, H. (2019). Waste soil improvement using egg
shell powder and lime at open dumping area. Int. J. Civ. Eng. Technol., 10(4), 268-277.
Teferra, T. E., Assefa, E., & Assefa, S. M. (2023). Influence of Eggshell Ash and Stone Powder on Geotechnical
Properties of Expansive Clay in Dukem Town. Advances in Civil Engineering, 2023.
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A PROPOSAL REPORT ON

INFLUENCE OF EGGSHELL ASH AND STONE POWDER ON

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING, SCHOOL OF

SUPERVISED BY: ENGR. OYENIYAN W.O

Undrained Triaxial Test

2 Nur Irfah Mohd Pauzi et al.,

3 Tadesse Endale Teferra et

Test to carryout • Laboratory test.

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