Reverberatory Furnce

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REVERBERATORY FURNACE
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WHAT IS IT?
A reverberatory furnace is a type of industrial furnace used

primarily for the smelting or refining of metals. It operates by

exposing the material to be processed to heat radiated from the

roof, walls, and hearth of the furnace. The name "reverberatory"

comes from the Latin word "reverbero," meaning "to beat back"

or "to reflect."
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HOW A REVERBERATORY FURNACE WORKS?
Design Fuel Combustion Heat Transfer
Reverberatory furnaces have a rectangular or Typically, fossil fuels such as coal, oil, or natural The heat generated by combustion travels

cylindrical shape with a refractory lining to gas are burned in the firebox. The combustion across the main chamber of the furnace and is

withstand high temperatures. They usually of fuel produces intense heat, which is directed reflected back by the roof and walls of the

have one or more fireboxes where fuel is into the main chamber of the furnace. furnace. This reflection of heat helps maintain

burned to generate heat. high temperatures within the furnace and

ensures uniform heating of the materials being

processed.

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HOW A REVERBERATORY FURNACE WORKS?
Material Processing Separation and Collection Control and Monitoring
The materials to be processed, such as metals As the materials heat up, any impurities or Reverberatory furnaces are equipped with

or ores, are introduced into the main chamber undesired elements separate from the desired temperature sensors and control systems to

of the furnace through openings at one end. As product. These impurities can be skimmed off regulate the combustion process and maintain

the materials are heated, various chemical the surface or drained out of the furnace the desired temperature levels throughout the

reactions occur, depending on the specific through taps or channels designed for this furnace. Operators monitor the process closely

process being carried out. purpose. to ensure efficient operation and to make

adjustments as needed.

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PRINCIPLES OF A REVERBERATORY
FURNACE
Endothermic and Exothermic Reactions:

In reverberatory furnace smelting, the main endothermic reaction occurs as raw materials,

such as metal ores, are heated to high temperatures to induce melting and chemical

transformations.

Exothermic reactions occur during the formation of slag, which is a byproduct of the smelting

process. Slag helps separate impurities from the molten metal.

Heat Balance:

The total heat balance of the smelting process takes into account the heat required to melt

the raw materials and the heat released during slag formation.

Heat released by slag accounts for a relatively small percentage (6% to 8%) of the total heat

required, which must be carefully managed for efficient operation.

Heat Source:
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The primary heat source for reverberatory furnace smelting is the combustion of fuel,
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PRINCIPLES OF A REVERBERATORY FURNACE

Fuel Consumption:

A significant portion of the heat generated by fuel combustion is lost through the furnace

gas and other means.

Despite the high heat generated by fuel combustion, a relatively small portion is actually

used in melting the charge. This inefficiency leads to higher-than-theoretical fuel

consumption rates.

Resistance Furnaces:

Resistance furnaces, such as graphite resistance radiation heating furnaces, use

electricity as the heat source.

They convert electrical energy into heat energy through electric heating elements,

achieving high temperatures suitable for various industrial processes.

Graphite resistance radiation heating furnaces are particularly useful for processes like
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graphitization and sintering in powder metallurgy due to their ability to reach very high

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