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    Ex 17012018

    Uploaded by

    Iris Ballaj
    The document contains 4 chemistry problems involving chemical equilibrium calculations. Problem 1 calculates the equilibrium constant for the reaction of H2 and I2 gases. Problem 2 finds the equilibrium composition when COCl2 dissociates into CO and Cl2 at high temperature. Problem 3 determines the concentration of S2 formed from H2S at 1100K. Problem 4 calculates the equilibrium constant for the decomposition of NH4HS into NH3 and H2S, and considers adding more solid reactant.

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    Ex 17012018

    Uploaded by

    Iris Ballaj
    9 views9 pages
    The document contains 4 chemistry problems involving chemical equilibrium calculations. Problem 1 calculates the equilibrium constant for the reaction of H2 and I2 gases. Problem 2 finds the equilibrium composition when COCl2 dissociates into CO and Cl2 at high temperature. Problem 3 determines the concentration of S2 formed from H2S at 1100K. Problem 4 calculates the equilibrium constant for the decomposition of NH4HS into NH3 and H2S, and considers adding more solid reactant.

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    The document contains 4 chemistry problems involving chemical equilibrium calculations. Problem 1 calculates the equilibrium constant for the reaction of H2 and I2 gases. Problem 2 finds the equilibrium composition when COCl2 dissociates into CO and Cl2 at high temperature. Problem 3 determines the concentration of S2 formed from H2S at 1100K. Problem 4 calculates the equilibrium constant for the decomposition of NH4HS into NH3 and H2S, and considers adding more solid reactant.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views9 pages

    Ex 17012018

    Uploaded by

    Iris Ballaj
    The document contains 4 chemistry problems involving chemical equilibrium calculations. Problem 1 calculates the equilibrium constant for the reaction of H2 and I2 gases. Problem 2 finds the equilibrium composition when COCl2 dissociates into CO and Cl2 at high temperature. Problem 3 determines the concentration of S2 formed from H2S at 1100K. Problem 4 calculates the equilibrium constant for the decomposition of NH4HS into NH3 and H2S, and considers adding more solid reactant.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 9

     Problem 1

    A 2.00 L container contains 1.00 mole each of H 2 and I2 gases. When the system reached equilibrium,
    the concentration of I2 is 0.11 M. The equilibrium equation is
    H2(g) + I2(g) ⇆ 2 HI(g)
    What is the equilibrium constant?

     Problem 2
    Phosgene (COCl2) is a poisonous gas that dissociates at high temperature into two other poisonous
    gases, carbon monoxide and chlorine. The equilibrium constant Kp = 0.0041 at 600°K. Find the
    equilibrium composition of the system after 0.124 atm of COCl2 is allowed to reach equilibrium at
    this temperature.

     Problem 3
    At 1100 K, Kc = 4.20 ∙ 10-6 for the gas phase reaction,
    2 H2S(g) ⇄ 2 H2(g) + S2(g)
    What concentration of S2 can be expected when 0.200 mole of H2S comes to equilibrium at 1100 K in an
    otherwise empty 1.00 L vessel?

     Problem 4
    When 3.06g of solid NH4HS is introduced into a 2 litre evacuated flask at 27°C, 30% of the solid
    decomposed into gaseous ammonia and hydrogen sulphide. (i) Calculate Kc for reaction at
    27°C. (ii) What would happen to the equilibrium when more solid NH 4HS is introduced
    into the flask?
    Solution
     Problem 1
     A 2.00 L container contains 1.00 mole each of H2 and I2 gases. When the system reached
    equilibrium, the concentration of I2 is 0.11. The equilibrium equation is
     H2(g) + I2(g) ⇆2 HI(g)
     What is the equilibrium constant?
     Solution:
     Start by drawing up a table showing the relationships between the components:

    H2 I2 2HI
    Initial moles 1 1 0

    Change -x -x +2x

    Equilibrium 1-x 1-x 2x


    moles
    H2 I2 2HI
    Initial moles 1 1
    Change -x -x +2x
    Equilibrium moles 1-x 1-x 2x

    We know that at the equilibrium the concentration of I2 is 0.11 M


    Then the equilibrium moles of I2 are
    n= M ∙ V
    n=0.11∙2 =0.22
    So 1-x=0.22 ⇒ x=0.78

    The equilibrium moles are :


    H2 = I2 =0.22 ⇒ [H2]=[I2]= 0.11 M
    HI = 2 ∙ 0.78= 1.56 ⇒ [HI] = 0.78 M

    [HI]2
    Kc = --------------- = 50.28
    [H2] ∙[I2]
     Problem 2
     Phosgene (COCl2) is a poisonous gas that dissociates at high temperature into
    two other poisonous gases, carbon monoxide and chlorine. The equilibrium
    constant
    Kp = 0.0041 at 600°K. Find the equilibrium composition of the system after
    0.124 atm of COCl2 is allowed to reach equilibrium at this temperature.
     COCl2 ⇄ CO + Cl2

     Solution: Start by drawing up a table showing the relationships between the


    components:

    COCl2 CO Cl2

    initial 0.124 atm 0 0


    pressures
    change -x +x +x
    equilibrium 0.124 – x x x
    pressures
    Substitution of the equilibrium pressures into the
    equilibrium expression gives
     PCO ∙ PCl2
    Kp= ------------- ⇒
     PCOCl2
    This expression can be rearranged into standard polynomial
    form
    x2 +.0041 x – 0.00054 = 0 and solved by the quadratic
    formula.
    using the quadratic formula to find the exact solution yields
    the two roots –0.0247 (which we ignore) and 0.0206
     Problem 3
     At 1100 K, Kc = 4.20e-6 for the gas phase reaction,
     2 H2S(g) ⇆ 2 H2(g) + S2(g)
     What concentration of S2 can be expected when 0.200 mole of H2S
    comes to equilibrium at 1100 K in an otherwise empty 1.00-L vessel?
     Solution
     We write the equation and place quantities at the initial condition and at
    various stages below the formula. We assume x mol of S2 is formed, and
    this leads to the formation of 2x moles of H2. Since -2x moles of H2S is
    required, the equilibrium concentration of H2S is 0.200 - 2x. Thus, we have

    2 H2S 2 H2 S2
    initial 0.200 0 0
    condition
    Change -2x 2x x
    equilibrium 0.200-2x 2x x
    The definition of Kc leads to the equation,
     [H2]2 [S2] (2x)2 (x)
     Kc = ----------- = ------------ = 4.20 ∙ 10-6
     [H2S]2 (0.200-2x)2
    This is a cubic equation, and there is no general method to solve this type of
    equations. Fortunately, since the equilibrium constant is very small, we expect x
    to be a small value. Thus, 0.200 - 2x is almost 0.200. With this approximation,
    we have a simpler equation to solve:
    4 x3 = (0.200)2 ∙ 4.20 ∙ 10-6
    = 1.68 ∙ 10-7
    x3 = 1.68 ∙ 10-7 / 4 = 4.2 ∙ 10-8
    x = (4.2 ∙ 10-8)1/3
    = 3.5 ∙ 10-3 = [S2]
    [H2] = 2 x = 7.0 ∙ 10-3
    Problem 4
    When 3.06g of solid NH4HS is introduced into a 2 litre evacuated flask at 27°C, 30% of the solid
    decomposed into gaseous ammonia and hydrogen sulphide.
    (i) Calculate Kc for reaction at 27°C.
    (ii) What would happen to the equilibrium when more solid NH 4HS is introduced into the flask?

     Solution: first of all, we write the chemical equilibrium


    NH4HS(s) ⇄ NH3(g) + H2S (g)

    Moles of NH4HS introduced into flask n=g/MW= 3.06 / 51 = 0.06

    Then , we draw up the table showing the relationships between the components:
    NH4HS NH3 H2S
    initial 0.06 0 0
    condition

    change -x x x
    equilibrium 0.06-x x x
    Where x= 0.06 ∙ a
    NH4HS(s) ⇄ NH3(g) + H2S (g)
    at eqilibrium 0.06 ∙(1 – a) 0.06 ∙ a 0.06 ∙ a

    as a = 30%, so, a = 0.3

    So, 0.06 ∙ 0.7 0.06 ∙ 0.3 0.6 ∙ 0.3

    So, Kc = [NH3][H2S]
    Kc = 0.018/2 ∙ 0.018/2 = 8.10 ∙ 10–5

    (ii) Addition of NH4HS(s) does not change position of equilibrium.

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