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    Characteristics of Research

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    Ellyssa Kate Lazaro
    The document outlines the basic processes of research which include identifying a question, reviewing existing literature, clarifying the problem, defining terms, selecting data collection methods, collecting and analyzing data, writing a paper, citing sources, concluding, proofreading, and sharing results. Key steps are identifying a research question, reviewing prior work, selecting appropriate methods, analyzing collected data to answer the question, and properly reporting findings.

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    Characteristics of Research

    Uploaded by

    Ellyssa Kate Lazaro
    8 views18 pages
    The document outlines the basic processes of research which include identifying a question, reviewing existing literature, clarifying the problem, defining terms, selecting data collection methods, collecting and analyzing data, writing a paper, citing sources, concluding, proofreading, and sharing results. Key steps are identifying a research question, reviewing prior work, selecting appropriate methods, analyzing collected data to answer the question, and properly reporting findings.

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    research

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    Characteristics-of-research (1)

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    The document outlines the basic processes of research which include identifying a question, reviewing existing literature, clarifying the problem, defining terms, selecting data collection methods, collecting and analyzing data, writing a paper, citing sources, concluding, proofreading, and sharing results. Key steps are identifying a research question, reviewing prior work, selecting appropriate methods, analyzing collected data to answer the question, and properly reporting findings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    8 views18 pages

    Characteristics of Research

    Uploaded by

    Ellyssa Kate Lazaro
    The document outlines the basic processes of research which include identifying a question, reviewing existing literature, clarifying the problem, defining terms, selecting data collection methods, collecting and analyzing data, writing a paper, citing sources, concluding, proofreading, and sharing results. Key steps are identifying a research question, reviewing prior work, selecting appropriate methods, analyzing collected data to answer the question, and properly reporting findings.

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    of 18

    CHARACTERISTICS OF

    RESEARCH
    LEEDY (1974)
    RESEARCH
    • BEGINSWITH A QUESTION IN THE MIND OF THE
    RESEARCHER.
    • REQUIRES A PLAN.
    • DEMANDS A CLEAR STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM.
    • DEALS WITH THE MAIN PROBLEM THROUGH SUB-PROBLEMS.
    • SEEKS DIRECTION THROUGH APPROPRIATE HYPOTHESES.
    • RESEARCH DEALS WITH FACTS AND THEIR MEANING.
    • RESEARCH IS CIRCULAR.
    BASIC PROCESSES OF
    RESEARCH
    • STEP 1: IDENTIFY THE QUESTION OR PROBLEM
    • STEP 2: REVIEW THE EXISTING LITERATURE
    • STEP 3: CLARIFY THE PROBLEM
    • STEP 4: CLEARLY DEFINE TERMS AND CONCEPTS
    • STEP 5: DEFINE THE POPULATION/TARGET SUBJECT
    • STEP 6: SELECT METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION
    • STEP 7: DEVELOP THE INSTRUMENTATION PLAN
    STEP 1: IDENTIFY THE QUESTION OR
    PROBLEM
    • THIS CAN BE A PROBLEM THAT NEEDS TO BE
    SOLVED OR SOME PIECE OF INFORMATION THAT IS
    MISSING ABOUT A PARTICULAR TOPIC.
    • IT IS CRITICALLY IMPORTANT TO GET YOUR
    RESEARCH QUESTIONS CONFIRMED OR APPROVED
    BY YOUR TEACHER OR ADVISER BEFORE MOVING
    FORWARD WITH THE WORK.
    STEP 2: REVIEW THE EXISTING
    LITERATURE
    THE RESEARCHERS MUST NOW LEARN MORE ABOUT
    THE TOPIC THEY ARE INVESTIGATING. THIS NOT ONLY
    PROVIDES IMPORTANT BACKGROUND INFORMATION
    ABOUT THE ISSUE THEY ARE RESEARCHING, BUT IT ALSO
    TELLS THEM WHAT OTHER STUDIES HAVE ALREADY BEEN
    CONDUCTED, HOW THEY WERE DESIGNED, AND WHAT
    THOSE STUDIES FOUND. IN RESEARCH, YOU OFTEN DO NOT
    WANT TO REPEAT OLD STUDIES, BUT RATHER ADD
    SOMETHING NEW TO THE FIELD.
    STEP 3: CLARIFY THE
    PROBLEM
    • THE RESEARCHER CAN USE THE KNOWLEDGE
    THEY GAINED FROM THEIR LITERATURE
    REVIEW TO NARROW THE FOCUS OF THEIR
    STUDY TO SOMETHING MORE MANAGEABLE.
    THIS INVOLVES MORE CLEARLY DEFINING
    THE CONCEPTS BEING STUDIED.
    STEP 4:
    CLEARLY DEFINE TERMS AND CONCEPTS
    • TERMS AND CONCEPTS ARE WORDS OR
    PHRASES USED IN THE PURPOSE STATEMENT
    OF THE STUDY OR THE DESCRIPTION OF THE
    STUDY. THESE ITEMS NEED TO BE
    SPECIFICALLY DEFINED AS THEY APPLY TO
    THE STUDY.
    STEP 5: DEFINE THE
    POPULATION/TARGET SUBJECT
    • RESEARCH PROJECTS CAN FOCUS ON A
    SPECIFIC GROUP OF PEOPLE, FACILITIES,
    EMPLOYEE EVALUATIONS, PROGRAMS,
    FINANCIAL STATUS OR MARKETING
    EFFORTS.
    STEP 6: SELECT METHODS OF DATA
    COLLECTION
    • SPECIFIC DATA COLLECTION METHODS NEED
    TO BE SELECTED ON THE BASIS OF
    CRITICALLY ANALYZING ADVANTAGES AND
    DISADVANTAGES ASSOCIATED WITH
    SEVERAL ALTERNATIVE DATA COLLECTION
    METHODS.
    STEP 7: DEVELOP THE
    INSTRUMENTATION PLAN
    • THE RESEARCHER DEVELOPS THE PLAN,
    INDICATING WHAT DATA WILL BE
    COLLECTED, WHEN AND HOW THE DATA
    WILL BE COLLECTED, WHO WILL COLLECT
    AND HOW THE DATA WILL BE ANALYZED.
    STEP 8: COLLECT DATA
    THE COLLECTION OF DATA IS A CRITICAL STEP IN
    PROVIDING THE INFORMATION NEEDED TO
    ANSWER THE RESEARCH QUESTION. EVERY STUDY
    INCLUDES COLLECTION OF SOME TYPE OF DATA—
    WHETHER IT IS FROM THE LITERATURE OR FROM
    SUBJECTS—TO ANSWER THE RESEARCH QUESTION.
    STEP 9: ANALYZE DATA
    • ANALYSIS OF DATA PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE IN
    THE ACHIEVEMENT OF RESEARCH AIM AND
    OBJECTIVES. ONCE THE DATA HAS BEEN COLLECTED,
    IT MUST BE ANALYZED IN ORDER TO ANSWER THE
    ORIGINAL RESEARCH QUESTION.
    • THE RESULTS OF THE DATA ANALYSIS ARE THEN
    REVIEWED AND SUMMARIZED IN A MANNER
    DIRECTLY RELATED TO THE RESEARCH QUESTIONS.
    STEP 10: WRITE YOUR PAPER
    • BEGIN BY ORGANIZING ALL INFORMATION YOU HAVE
    COLLECTED.
    • THE NEXT STEP IS THE ROUGH DRAFT, WHEREIN YOU
    GET YOUR IDEAS ON PAPER IN AN UNFINISHED FASHION.
    • AFTER THIS, REVISE THE DRAFT MANY TIMES AS YOU
    THINK NECESSARY TO CREATE A FINAL PRODUCT TO
    TURN IN TO YOUR TEACHER OR ADVISER.
    STEP 11: CITE YOUR SOURCES PROPERLY
    “GIVE CREDIT WHERE CREDIT IS DUE; CITE YOUR
    SOURCES.”
    • CITING OR DOCUMENTING THE SOURCES USED IN YOUR
    RESEARCH SERVES TWO PURPOSES:
     IT GIVES PROPER CREDIT TO THE AUTHORS OF THE
    MATERIALS USED.
     IT ALLOWS THOSE WHO ARE READING YOUR WORK TO
    DUPLICATE YOUR RESEARCH AND LOCATE THE SOURCES
    THAT YOU HAVE LISTED AS REFERENCES.
    STEP 12: CONCLUDE YOUR
    RESEARCH
    • IN THIS FINAL PART, YOU WILL HAVE TO
    JUSTIFY WHY YOU THINK THAT RESEARCH
    AIMS AND QUESTIONS HAVE BEEN ACHIEVED
    AND ANSWERED.
    STEP 13: PROOFREAD
    • PROOFREAD THE PAPER YOU HAVE CREATED. READ
    THROUGH THE TEXT AND CHECK FOR MANY ERRORS
    IN SPELLING, GRAMMAR, AND PUNCTUATION. MAKE
    SURE THE SOURCES YOU USED ARE CITED PROPERLY.
    • MAKE SURE THE MESSAGE THAT YOU WANT TO GET
    ACROSS TO THE READER HAS BEEN CLEARLY AND
    THOROUGHLY STATED.
    STEP 14: SHARE RESULTS
    THERE ARE DIFFERENT WAYS TO SHARE RESULTS OF YOUR
    RESEARCH, AMONG THEM ARE THE FOLLOWING:
    • SENDING OR SUBMITTING THE RESEARCH REPORT TO
    THOSE PERSONS CONCERNED OR STAKEHOLDERS.
    • THROUGH A COLLOQUIUM.
    • THROUGH PRINT OR ON INTERNET.
    • PUBLISH
    BASIC PROCESSES OF
    RESEARCH
    • STEP 8: COLLECT DATA
    • STEP 9: ANALYZE DATA
    • STEP 10: WRITE YOUR PAPER
    • STEP 11: CITE YOUR SOURCES PROPERLY
    • STEP 12: CONCLUDE YOUR RESEARCH
    • STEP 13: PROOFREAD
    • STEP 14: SHARE RESULTS

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