Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 41 views

    Germplasm Conservation

    Uploaded by

    amaya rajiv
    Germplasm conservation involves preserving genetic material from plants and animals to ensure biodiversity. This can be done through in-situ conservation, which preserves species in their natural habitats using methods like biosphere reserves, national parks, and on-farm conservation, or through ex-situ conservation which stores genetic material outside its natural environment using in vitro techniques like tissue culture. Factors like deforestation, pollution, and climate change threaten genetic resources, making germplasm conservation important.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Germplasm Conservation

    Uploaded by

    amaya rajiv
    41 views11 pages
    Germplasm conservation involves preserving genetic material from plants and animals to ensure biodiversity. This can be done through in-situ conservation, which preserves species in their natural habitats using methods like biosphere reserves, national parks, and on-farm conservation, or through ex-situ conservation which stores genetic material outside its natural environment using in vitro techniques like tissue culture. Factors like deforestation, pollution, and climate change threaten genetic resources, making germplasm conservation important.

    Original Title

    Germplasm conservation

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Germplasm conservation involves preserving genetic material from plants and animals to ensure biodiversity. This can be done through in-situ conservation, which preserves species in their natural habitats using methods like biosphere reserves, national parks, and on-farm conservation, or through ex-situ conservation which stores genetic material outside its natural environment using in vitro techniques like tissue culture. Factors like deforestation, pollution, and climate change threaten genetic resources, making germplasm conservation important.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    41 views11 pages

    Germplasm Conservation

    Uploaded by

    amaya rajiv
    Germplasm conservation involves preserving genetic material from plants and animals to ensure biodiversity. This can be done through in-situ conservation, which preserves species in their natural habitats using methods like biosphere reserves, national parks, and on-farm conservation, or through ex-situ conservation which stores genetic material outside its natural environment using in vitro techniques like tissue culture. Factors like deforestation, pollution, and climate change threaten genetic resources, making germplasm conservation important.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 11

    Germplasm conservation

    Germplasm
     • A germplasm is a collection of
    genetic resources for an organism.
    • For plants, the germplasm may
    be stored as a seed ,stem, Callus,
    Whole plant in nurseries. Germplasm conservation
     • Plant germplasm is genetic
     • In case of animals- Genes, Body
    source material in the form of
    parts stored in gene bank
    Seeds, Cultured cells ,Callus,
    Pollens . • The in-situ /ex-situ
    preservation of these material is
    known as “Germplasm
    conservation”. • Germplasm
    provide the raw material (genes)
    which the breeder uses to develop
    commercial crop varieties.
    What is the need of Factors that Effect Genetic
    Preservation ? Recourses !
     • Preservation/Conservation of  • Deforestation
    plant biodiversity is an important  • Urbanization
    issue.
     • Pollution
     • Storage of Economically
    important , endangered, rare  • Habitat destruction
    species and make them available  • Fragmentation and degradation
    when needed.
     • Climate change
     • The conventional methods of
    storage failed to prevent losses  • Globalization
    caused due to various reasons.  • Market economies
     • Over-grazing and changes in
    land-use pattern are contributing
    indirectly to the loss of diversity
    Methods of Germplasm conservation


    1. In-situ Preservation
     2. Ex-situ Preservation
    In-situ conservation

     In situ conservation is the preservation of species and populations of living


    organisms in a natural state in the habitat where they naturally occur or
    Preservation of the germplasm in their natural habitat
     Limitation--- However, there is a heavy loss or decline of species, populations
    and ecosystem composition, which can lead to a loss of biodiversity, due to
    habitat destruction and the transformations of these natural environments;
    therefore, in situ methods alone are insufficient for saving endangered
    species
    In Situ Conservation

     • Types of In situ Conservation


     1) Biosphere Reserves
     2) National Parks
     3) On Farm Conservation
     4) Wild Life Sanctuaries
    1.Biosphere Reserves
    Biosphere reserves or natural reserves are multipurpose protected areas with
    boundaries circumscribed by legislation.
    The main aim of biosphere reserve is: To preserve genetic diversity in
    representative ecosystems by protecting wild animals, traditional life style of
    inhabitant and domesticated plant/animal genetic resources.
    2.National Parks
    National parks defined as: • “An area , declared by state, for the purpose of
    protecting, propagating or developing wildlife there in, or its natural
    environment for their scienctific, educational and recreational value’’
    3.Wildlife Sanctuary
    Wildlife sanctuaries are areas dedicated to the protection and maintenance of
    wildlife
    4.On-farm conservation
    “A form of in situ conservation in the place where the domesticated or
    cultivated species have developed their distinctive properties”
    Ex Situ Conservation or In Vitro Method
    For Germplasm Conservation or
     • In vitro conservation is the conservation of tissues, cells, genomes and
    genes under controlled environmental conditions
     • In vitro method employing shoots, meristems and embryos are ideally suited
    for the conservation of germplasm
     • Ex situ means away from the natural, original place or position. Ex situ
    conservation which include conservation of plants and animal away from their
    native ecosystem Ex situ conservation is the conservation of genes or plant
    genotypes outside their environment of natural occurrence, for current or for
    future use.
     • In vitro techniques used to achieve medium-term conservation allow the
    storage of biological material from several months to 2–3 years without
    subculture, depending on the technique used and on the plant material.
     • Growth reduction is generally attained by modifying the culture medium
    and/or the environmental conditions.
     • Modifications of the culture medium can include dilution of mineral
    elements, reduction of sugar concentration, changes in the nature and/or
    concentration of growth regulators and addition of osmotically active
    compounds
    Disadvantages of Ex-situ Conservation

     • Some plants do not produce fertile seeds.


     • Loss of seed viability
     • Seed destruction by pests, etc.
     • Poor germination rate.
     • This is only useful for seed propagating plants
     . • It’s a costly process.

    You might also like