1A DEE

Basic English Grammar:

Past Tense
Presented by :
1. Tubagus Riadurrohman (11230140000024)
2. Viviana (11230140000035)
3. Tsabita Ananda Putri (11230140000025)
 Discovering The Secret of The Past Tense

In this presentation, we'll explore the four forms of

past tense and how to use them.

Let's get started!

 What is tense? Start with English Tenses
Definition
According to the Collins Dictionary, the term 3 types of main tenses
‘tense’ is defined as “The tense of a verb group is
its form, which usually shows whether you are 1. Present Tense
referring to past, present, or future time”. And A tense that is used to refer present time.
the Merriam-Webster Dictionary provides a 2. Past Tense
slightly different definition. According to it, the A tense that is used to refer past time.
word ‘tense’ is defined as “a distinction of form 3. Future Tense
in a verb to express distinctions of time or A tense that is used to refer future time.
duration of the action or state it denotes.”

Source :
English Tenses - Speak Error-free and Fluent English (byjus.com)
PAST TENSE
 What is past tense? Do you know?
Definition
■ “A verb tense expressing action or state in
or as if in the past”, is the definition of
past tense, according to the Merriam- The Oxford Learner’s Dictionary
Webster Dictionary. The Macmillan defines the term ‘past tense’ as “the
Dictionary defines ‘past tense’ as “the form of a verb used to describe actions
forms of a verb group indicating that an in the past.” According to the
action or event happened regularly, or that Cambridge Dictionary, the past tense
a situation existed or was true during a form of the verb is “used to describe
period before now.” verb forms in many languages used for
actions that have now finished.”

Source:
Past Tense - Meaning, Definition, Structure and Types with E
xamples (byjus.com)
Four Forms of Past Tense
01 02
Simple Past Past Continuous/
Tense Progressive Tense

03 04
Past Perfect Past Perfect
Tense Continuous Tense
 01
Simple Past Tense
 Formation

Regular Verb Formation Irregular Verb

A regular verb is one that forms its The simple past tense is for Irregular verbs are verbs that do not
follow the normal patterns for tense and
simple past tense and its past med by adding past past participle. While most English
participle by adding "-ed" or "-d" to tense marker “ed” to regular verbs use the ending “-ed” for
the base form of the verb. regular verbs or using the past tense and participle forms,
the irregular verbs. irregular verbs each have their own
Example: unique tense forms and past participles.
Open – Opened – Opened
I opened the door. Example:
Sit – Sat – Sat
I sat on the chair.
 Simple Past

Definition Time Signals

The Macmillan • Yesterday
Dictionary defines the simple • Last night, week, month,
past tense as “the tense used to year,...
talk about habitual
actions, behaviour, or situations
• A few days ago
that happened or existed • A week ago
before now.” • Two weeks ago
• In 2020
 Usage

Usage Example 1 Example 2

1. We went to the park 1. When my neighbour rang the
1. The simple past indicates an
yesterday. bell, I opened the door.
action or event that happened
2. I was sick last week. 2. I took an English course when I
in the past.
3. My dad and my mom went was seven years old.
to the charity festival 3. I was not at home when my
2. If a sentence contains “when”
yesterday. mom came last nigt.
and has the simple past in
both clauses, the action in the
“when clause” happens first.
Sentence
structures
Simple Past
 Verbal Sentence

+ Subject + verb 2 (past verb) + object

E.g.: We went to the theater yesterday.

- Subject + did not/didn’t + verb1(present verb) + object

E.g.: We did not go to the theater yesterday.

? Did + subject + verb1(present verb) + object + ?

E.g.: Did we go to the theater yesterday?

Note : E.g = Exempli gratia = For example

 Nominal Sentence

+ Subject + was /were + complement

E.g.: My mom and my dad were at home last night.

- Subject + was/ were + not + complement

E.g.: I was not satisfied.

? Was/Were + subject + complement + ?

E.g.: Was Rudy absent yesterday?
 02
Past Continuous Tense
 Past Continuous
Definition Time Signals
The past continuous (also called • When
past progressive) is a verb tense • While
which is used to show that an • During
ongoing past action was • At that time
happening or in progress at a • Or any specific time such
specific moment of
as “at 7 PM”
interruption, or that two
ongoing actions were
happening at the same time.
Source
: https://www.englishpa
ge.com/verbpage/past
continuous.html#googl
e_vignette
 Formation
Formation
Subject Past tense of Subject Past tense of
verb (to be) The past continuous tense is verb (to be)
I formed by using the past tense You
She of the verb ”To be“ We
He were
was (was/were) and adding the They
It base form of the verb Bita and Vivi
Tubagus
with “-ing”
Adam
(e.g, was walking, were
talking)
 Usage
Usage Example 1 Example 2
1. While I was studying,
1. To express action that 1. She was reading a
book when I called he was playing the
were ongoing or in
progress at a specific her. guitar.
point in the past. 2. I was studying at 8 2. My mom was making
2. For two simultaneous o’clock P.M last pancakes while my
actions that were night. dad was reading a
happening at the same newspaper.
time in the past.
Sentence
structures
Past
Continuous
 Verbal Sentence

+ Subject + was/were + v1 + ing + object

E.g.: Maya was running when her mother called her.

- Subject + was/were + not + v1 + ing + object

E.g.: Maya was not running when her mother called her.

? Was/were + Subject + v1 + ing + object + ?

E.g.: Was Maya running when her mother called her ?.
 Nominal Sentence

+ Subject + was /were + complement

E.g.: My mom and my dad were at home last night.

- Subject + was/ were + not + complement

E.g.: My mom and my dad were not at home last night.

? Was/Were + subject + complement + ?

E.g.: Were my mom and my dad at home last night ?
 03
Past Perfect Tense
 Past Perfect
What is the difference between Simple What is the Difference between
Definition Past and Past Perfect? Past Perfect and Present Perfect?
The simple past applies to expressing activities
The present perfect tense is used to
that occurred in the past and has been
completed, whether the action took place over a show the relationship between past
long or short period of time, while the past and present actions, the formula is
The past perfect tense, perfect is used when you want to express an have/has + past participle (V3).
according to the Cambridge action that occurred before another action in the Meanwhile, the past perfect tense is
Dictionary, is defined as “ past.
more commonly used in situations
the form of a verb that is used However, in some cases, the past simple and where there are two actions in the
to show that an action had past perfect can be used together to describe past that need to be confirmed in
two actions in the past. chronological order.
already finished when another
action happened.” When two actions in the past occurred
Examples of present perfect tense:
sequentially, the past perfect functions to
mention the action that occurred first, then the
simple past for the action that occurred after. 1. I have studied English for five
years.
Example: "She had finished her homework (I started learning five years ago
before she went to bed"
and am still learning now.)
2. She has visited Paris twice.
(He has visited Paris twice (in an
unspecified time before now).)

Source : https://www.english-academy.id/blog/past-perfect-tense
 Time Signals
• When Example:
• Before
• After  (+) My old brother had eaten.
• Until  (+) They had slept.
• Just  (-) My old brother had eaten.
• As soon as  (-) They hadn't slept.
• By the time  (?) Had my old brother eaten?
 (?) Had they slept?
Actually, the adverb of time above is
not something you have to include in a
past perfect tense sentence.
The following is an example of a
sentence without a time expression:
Sentence
structures
Past Perfect
 Verbal Sentence

+ Subject + had + v3+ object

E.g.: When I arrived in Jakarta, Rara had already returned to Bandung.

- Subject + had + not + v3 + object

E.g.: She had not studied Japanese before she moved to Japan.

? Had + Subject + v3 + object + ?

E.g.: Had your father watched the movie before they gone home?
 Nominal Sentence

+ Subject + had + been + complement

E.g.: I had been at home when my mom came.

- Subject + had + not + been + complement

E.g.: I had not been a good friend.

? Had + Subject + been + complement + ?

E.g.: Had she been a student?
 Usages
• Before, by the time, when (past So, this subordinate conjunction is
 Expressing an action or perfect tense + before / by the part of the adverb of time which is
action that has been time / when + simple past tense) characteristic of the past perfect
completed tense. Consider the following
e.g: They had played football in example:
In this function, you need to that field before it started to
insert a subordinate rain. • She had left the scene when the
conjunction like: ambulance arrived.
• They had played football in that
• After (simple past tense +
field before it started to rain.
after + past perfect tense) • The plane had left by the time I
got to the airport.
e.g: I helped him to do the • I helped him to do the task after I
task after I had finished my had finished my work.
work.

Source: https://www.english-academy.id/blog/past-perfect-tense
 Usages
 Functions to create reported  Shows dissatisfaction with
 Showing how often an speech and reported text the past
action occurs e.g: The boy wished he had
e.g: She had learned twice e.g: The boss had said it would asked another question.
before the test. be a long meeting.
 Confirms that there was an
 Expressing hope  To show that an action
occurred before a certain time event in the past that
If + past perfect tense +
in the past happened some time before
would/should/could/might +
have + past participle (verb 3). e.g: I had fallen asleep before by adding (+ just)
eight o’clock. e.g: The bus had just left when
e.g: - Vincent would have we got to the stop.
helped you if you had asked for
it.
- If I had studied hard last night,
I would have gotten good score.

Source: https://www.english-academy.id/blog/past-perfect-tense
 Important Notes
Some important things you have to
remember about the past perfect
tense include the following:

:
In contrast to the present So, aux "had" applies to subjects I, you, and The verb used in the past
perfect tense which uses other plural subjects, such as; plural pronoun perfect tense is the third
two auxiliary verbs for two (they, we), plural noun (boys, men), and form of the verb, or often
types of subjects, for this compound subject with the conjunction "and" called the past participle.
tense, the auxiliary "had" (you and I, Masha and David). Past participles are
can be used for both formed by adding –ed, -en,
singular and plural Likewise with singular subjects, namely third -d, -t, -n, or -ne to the base
subjects. person pronouns or commonly known as form of the regular verb.
third-person singular pronouns (he, she, it), In the base form of an
and singular nouns such as mentioning irregular verb, the form of
people's names (Grace, Cerci, etc.) still use the past participle is also
aux "had" without any change. irregular.
 Examples
• I had eaten breakfast before I • They had completed the • I had eaten breakfast before
left for work. project before the deadline. I left for work.
• She had finished her • He had already packed his • She had finished her
bags before I arrived.
homework by the time her homework by the time her
• We had studied for the exam
friends arrived. friends arrived.
before the teacher gave it to
• They had already seen the • He had finished his work
us.
movie before I got there. • I had already sent the email before he left the office.
• He had slept for 10 hours before he called. • We had watched the game
before he woke up. • She had cooked dinner before it was canceled.
• We had visited the museum before her guests arrived. • You had already bought the
before it closed for the day. • They had cleaned the house tickets before we decided to
before the party started. go.
 04
Past Perfect
Continuous Tense
 Past Perfect Continuous Tense
Definition
In essence, the past perfect continuous tense is
According to the Cambridge Dictionary, the
used to tell about an event or action that started in
past perfect continuous tense is defined as a the past, happened in the past, and also finished in
tense that refers to “actions or events which a period of time in the past.
started before a particular time in the past and
were still in progress up to that time in the If you look at the explanation above, the actions
past.” and conditions described in this tense have
absolutely nothing to do with the present. This
Past perfect continuous tense is a tense or verb tense also has another name, namely past perfect
form to express an action (with a certain progressive tense.
duration) or event that has started and is Time Signals:
• When
ongoing in the past, but is no longer
• Before
happening now. • After
• For

Source: https://www.english-academy.id/blog/past-perfect-continuous-tense#:~:text=Past%20perfect%20continuous%20tense%20adalah,tidak%20terjadi%20lagi%20saat%20ini
 Formation
Notes
Several explanations regarding the
past perfect continuous tense formula
to make it easier to understand.
Formation
1. The present participle is also
known as the verb-ing. The past perfect continuous
2. In general, the progressive form tense formula is formed with
or verb-ing in the past perfect
continuous tense only occurs in
the auxiliary verb "had",
actions with dynamic verb forms followed by "been", then the
(dynamic verbs) or action verbs. present participle.
Dynamic verbs are the "opposite" of
stative verbs.
3. The past perfect continuous tense
formula is a combination of three types
of tenses, namely simple past tense,
present perfect tense, and present
continuous tense.
Sentence
structures
Past Perfect
Continuous
 Verbal Sentence

+ Subject + had + been + v1+ ing + object

• E.g.:I had been studying for my exam all night before finally falling asleep.

- Subject + had + not + been + v1+ ing + object

• E.g.:I had not been studying for my exam all night before falling asleep

? Had + Subject + been + v1 + ing + object + ?

• E.g.:Had I been studying for my exam all night before falling asleep?
 Nominal Sentence

+ Subject + had + been + complement

E.g.: I had been at home when my mom came.

- Subject + had + not + been + complement

E.g.: I had not been a good friend.

? Had + Subject + been + complement + ?

E.g.: Had she been a student?
 Usages
 Expresses an action or  Tells stories of actions that The sentence above certainly
event that occurred have occurred and are tells of a past event. What this
continuously in the past ongoing in the past up to a means is, when Mother
certain point in time in the arrived, Mother's friends had
past as well (referring to long
e.g: We had been working in already been chatting for two
actions)
education non-government hours. The chatting activity
organization. e.g: When my mom came, her had started before Mother
friends had been chatting for arrived, then continued after
two hours. Mother arrived, all of which
had finished in the past.

Source: https://www.english-academy.id/blog/past-perfect-continuous-tense#:~:text=Past%20perfect%20continuous%20tense%20adalah,tidak%20terjadi%20lagi
%20saat%20ini
 Usages
 Tells the period of an action  Expresses an action that was  Indirect speech :
or event carried out and took place in e,g:
e.g: They were annoyed since the past
they had been waiting for the Direct speech:
instructor for three hours at e.g: I had been going to the He was writing the article.
the gym. cinema with my best friends.
Indirect speech:
 States an event that took He said that he had been
place some time in the past writing the article.
e.g: She had been living in
California for ten years. The sentence above states an
indirect sentence spoken by
someone to tell about another
person's activities.

Source: https://www.english-academy.id/blog/past-perfect-tense
SIMPLE
TRICKS
 THE SIMPLE TENSES
TENSE EXAMPLE MEANING

SIMPLE PRESENT (a) It snows in Alaska. In general, the simple present

(b) I watch television every day. expresses events or
situations that exist always,
************* usually, habitually; they exist
now, have existed in the
past , and probably will exist
in the future

SIMPLE PAST (c) It snows yesterday. At one particular time in the

* (d) I watched television last night. past, this happened. It began
and ended in the past.

SIMPLE FUTURE (e) It will snow tomorrow. At one particular time in the
* (f) I will watch television tonight. future, this will happen.
 THE PROGRESSIVE TENSES
Form: be + ing ( present participle )

Meaning: The progressive tenses give the idea that an action is in progress during a particular time. The
tenses say that an action begind before , is in progress during, and continues after another time or action.

PRESENT PROGRESSIVE (a) He is sleeping right now. He went to sleep at 10:00 tonight. It is now
11:00 and he is still asleep. His sleep began
10 : 00
11 : 00

in the past, is in progress at the present time

and probably will continue.
I I

Past Progressive (b) He was sleeping when i He went to sleep at 10:00 last night. I arrived
11 : 00
10: 10

at 11:00. He was still asleep, his sleep began

arrived. before and was in progress at a particular
I I time in the past, it probably continued.
11 : 00

Future Progressive (c) He will be sleeping when He will go to sleep at 10:00 tomorrow night.
10: 10

We will arrive at 11:00. The action of sleeping

we arrive. will begin before we arrive and it will be in
I I progress at a particular time in the future.
Probably his sleep will continued.
 THE PERFECT TENSE
Form: have + past participle
Meaning: The Perfect tenses all give the idea that one thing happens before another time or events

PRESENT PERFECT (a) I have already eaten. I finished eating some times
now

before now. The exact time is

eat

x x not important.
(Time?)
PAST PERFECT (b) I had already eaten when First i finished eating.Later they
arrive

they arrived. arrived.My eating was

eat

completely finished before

X X another time in the past.

FUTURE PERFECT (c) I will already have eaten First i will finished eating.Later
arrive
eat

when they arrived they will arrive.My eating will be

X X completely finished before
another time in the future.
 THE PERFECT PRORESSIVE TENSE
Form: Have + been + ing ( Present participle)
Meaning: The perfect progressive tenses give the idea that one events is in progress immediately
before, up to, until another time or event.The tenses are used to express the duration of the first event
PRESENT PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (a) I have been studying for Event in progress:
X X
two hours. Studying.When ? Before now,
up to now.
How long ? For two hours.
2 hrs.
PAST PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (b) I had been studying for two Event in progress: Studying.
X X
hours before my friend came. When? Before another event in
the past.
2 hrs. How long ? For two hours.
FUTURE PERFECT PROGRESSIVE (c) I will have been studying Event in progress: Studying.
X X
for two hours by the time you When? Before another event in
arrive. the future.
How long ? For two hours
2 hrs.
 Thanks!
Does anyone have any questions?
CREDITS: This presentation template was created by Slidesgo, and it
includes icons by Flaticon, infographics & images by Freepik
Fill in the gaps with the correct tense
1 I ______ my grandmother three days ago.

a) Visit b) Visited c) Visiting

Hendery’s cat _______ sick last week.

2
a) Was b) Were c) Am

Did Joy______ the party two days ago?

3
a) Attend b) Attending c) Attended
 Identify the correct tense
1 A While I was having dinner last night, my brother arrived from Seville

B While I am having dinner last night, my brother arrived from Seville

2 A The bus had left when he reaches the bus stop.

B The bus had left when he reached the bus stop.

3 A When the guest comes, we had been waiting for an hour.

B When the guest came, we had been waiting for an hour.

 Change the sentence
I went to my friend’s birthday He had slept for 10 hours Mark was washing his bike
party last night. before he woke up. when I passed his house.
■ (-)
■ (-)
■ (-)
■ (?)
■ (?)
■ (?)
 Change the sentence
My friend and I didn’t go to Had Tebe been painting his Tebe had been listening to
the park yesterday. room for hours before his music for an hour when the
father came home? train finally arrived.
■ (+)
■ (+) ■ (?)
■ (?)

■ (-) ■ (-)