Reading and

Writing Skills
Prepared by:

Olga A. Cabanilla
SHS Teacher
Let us all pray…
ATTEND
ANCE
 CLASSROOM
RULES
1. Set your phones in silent mode.
2. Be respectful of others.
3. Raise your right hand if you
want to talk.
4. Be attentive and participative.
5. Learn and have fun!
1. What was our lesson
last meeting?
2. Who can differentiate
these two?
Before heading on to our lesson, let us check
first what you already know.

Instruction: Identify which type of claim

the statement is making. Write your answers
in your notebook.
 Claim Claim Claim
Statements of of of
Fact Value Policy
1. The oldest known disease in the world is leprosy.
2. Viewing television is a wasteful activity.
3. Excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to
many illnesses.
4. The death penalty does not deter crime.
5. The Golden State Warriors is the best team in
NBA.
6. The death penalty should be abolished in Illinois.
7. Capital punishment is unjust.
8. To attract more non-traditional students, this
college must review and revise its course offerings.
9. The existence of nuclear weapons has prevented
the outbreak of World War III.
10. An improved sewer system would resolve these
flood drainage problems.
Content Standard:
The learner realizes that information in a written text may be
selected and organized to achieve a particular purpose.
Performance Standard:
The learner critiques a chosen sample of each pattern of
development focusing on information selection, organization,
and development.
Competency:
Identify claims explicitly or implicitly made in a written text
a. Claim of fact
b. Claim of policy
c. Claim of value
At the end of the lesson,
students are expected to:
a. differentiate the types of claims;
b. formulate claims of fact, value, and policy
about some issues in the society; and
c. show appreciation on the importance of
each type of claim through differentiated
Watch the video “My Favorite
Country” by Nas Daily.
1. What is the vlogger’s favorite country?
2. Why does he consider it his favorite?
3. How does he feel about Filipinos?
4. What should be done in order to attract more
tourists like him?
Let’s learn about it!
Claims of
Fact, Policy
Break the wall to obliviousness:

Argumentative – having or showing a tendency

to disagree or argue with other people
Logical – capable of reasoning or of using
reason in an orderly cogent (persuasive) fashion
Ethical – involving or expressing moral
approval or disapproval
Ought – a modal that indicates obligation
A claim is an arguable statement that an author
discusses, explains, or proves in his/her writing.
It is an opinion that a writer asks an audience to
accept.

According to Tiongson (2016), a claim should

be:
1. argumentative and debatable
2. specific and focused
3. interesting and engaging
 Kinds of Claims:
1. Claim of Fact - A claim of fact is a type of
claim that affirms or asserts that a statement is
true or untrue. It argues that the statement is
indeed a fact, or it defines a particular term.
Examples:
The earth is warming rapidly.
People in general are becoming more dependent
on technology.
People in general are becoming more
dependent on technology. In the Philippines
alone, for instance, there were 114.6 million
mobile subscriptions and 44.2 million active
Internet users according to the global Web
statistics released by a global agency called We
Are Social Singapore. Since January 2014, the
number of active internet users has grown 18
percent, while the number of mobile
subscriptions has grown 7 percent.
2. Claim of Value - A claim of value is a type of
claim that evaluates, appraises, or judges an idea.
Here, a writer expresses approval or disapproval of
the idea; he or she can state whether the idea is good
or bad, right or wrong, ethical or unethical, or just or
unjust.
Examples:
It is important that children learn how to use social
media responsibly.
Spending time with your family is better than
It is very important that children learn how to
use social media responsibly. One reason is that
social media poses danger to their security.
Experts say that 75 percent of teens have profiles
on a social networking site. Such profiles mostly
contain their photos, real names, birthdates,
interests, and even their town and school. Online
advertisers and predators can easily take the
children’s information and use it for illegal
3. Claim of Policy - A claim of policy is a
statement proposing an action that should be
undertaken as a solution to a particular problem.
This claim makes use of words such as should,
ought to​, and must.
Examples:
Smoking must be banned in all public places.
There should be a course for students who would
like to learn Ilocano, Cebuano, or any other
Learning a foreign language remains a requirement in
most colleges; students must take a certain number of
units to fulfill such requirement. However, after
graduation, most of them will work in the country and
never get the chance to use the foreign language in the
workplace. For them, there should be an alternative
course, that is, a course teaching a widely spoken local
dialect like Ilocano or Cebuano. Learning a local
language not only increases their chance of finding work
in the major cities in the country but also allows them to
connect with other Filipinos speaking a different
Understanding claims in a text is valuable across
various subject areas because it teaches critical
thinking, analytical skills, and the ability to evaluate
information:

1. Science – In science, you encounter claims in

research papers, articles, and experiments.
Understanding how to identify and evaluate claims
help you analyze scientific theories, hypotheses, and
findings critically will help you differentiate between
2. Mathematics – Understanding claims help you
analyze mathematical arguments, evaluate the validity
of mathematical statements, and communicate
mathematical reasoning effectively.
3. Health and Wellness – Critically evaluating claims
help you make informed decision related to nutrition,
exercise, mental health, and wellness.
Activity: Signal Your Claims

Directions: Analyze each sentence below. Identify

whether it is a claim of fact, value, or policy. Raise
your hand and when called, use the following hand
signals to show your answer:

Claim of Fact Claim of Value Claim of

1. Criminal liability age must be lowered from
15 to 9 years of age.
2. Extra-judicial killing is morally
unacceptable.
3. Climate change has already become an issue
in the country. 4. Living in the province is
better than living in the city.
5. The BPO industry should hire single
individuals.
6. Gender equality needs to be strengthened in
the academe.
7. Using the solar energy helps homeowners to
save money.
8. Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your
health.
9. Animation is the best TechVoc strand in
senior high school.
10. Video games lead to violence among teens.
COLLABORA
TIVE
Directions: The class will be divided into three
groups. Each group will be given 15 minutes for the
preparation and 2-3 minutes for the presentation.

Reminders:
1. Participate and give your best.
2. Be respectful of others.
3. Mind the words used and actions done in
delivering the task, making sure you will not hurt
your classmate physically, verbally, or emotionally.
4. Be a buddy, not a bully. (Republic Act No.
10627)
5. Be original! (Plagiarism (Republic Act No.
8293)

Note: You may use your mobile phones if

necessary.
Group 1 – Do a talkshow on the different
types of claims.
Group 2 – Claims-Evidence-Reasoning Chart
Provide a sample on each type of claim (issues are
presented). Analyze each by breaking them down into
three components: the claim itself, the evidence that
support it, and the reasoning or explanation behind the
claim.
Present it through an advertisement.
TYPE REASON
OF /
CLAIM Evidence
CLAI EXPLAN
M ATION
1. Fact
2.
Value
Group 3 – Compose a paragraph (minimum of 5
sentences) about one area of concern in the
community (e.g. social media and bullying, teen
pregnancy, etc.). The paragraph should incorporate
the three claims: Claim of Fact, Value, and Policy.

Present it through a song using the tune of your

favorite song.
 RUBRIC 5 3 1
Relevance of Content The content is very The content is The content is not so
to the Given Task accurate and relevant somewhat accurate accurate and
to the given task, and relevant to the relevant to the given
assigned task is given task, assigned task, assigned task is
executed very well. task is somehow not executed well.
executed well.
Delivery The speaker/s The speaker/s is/are The speaker/s is/are
Rubrics:

speak/s in a loud, loud and clear but difficult to hear

clear voice and was was not expressive. sometimes and not
expressive. expressive.
Creativity It is exceptionally It is creative and It is creative and
creative. A lot of good amount of some thought was
thought was used thought was put into put into it.
into it. it.
Total 15/15
Generalization:
1. What is a claim? What are its characteristics?
2. What are its three types?
3. How do we recognize a claim of value? Policy?
4. What is the importance of leaning the types of
Rubrics:

claims?
5. How does a skill in formulating and defending
claims help you as a student and in the future?
6. Let’s go back to warm-up activity and review
our answers.
 Claim Claim Claim
Statements of of of
Fact Value Policy
1. The oldest known disease in the world is leprosy.
2. Viewing television is a wasteful activity.
3. Excessive consumption of alcohol can lead to
many illnesses.
4. The death penalty does not deter crime.
5. The Golden State Warriors is the best team in
NBA.
6. The death penalty should be abolished in Illinois.
7. Capital punishment is unjust.
8. To attract more non-traditional students, this
college must review and revise its course offerings.
9. The existence of nuclear weapons has prevented
the outbreak of World War III.
10. An improved sewer system would resolve these
flood drainage problems.
FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT: MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read and understand each question. Choose the letter of
the correct answer and write it on the space provided before each
item.
____1. Which claim is a statement proposing an action that should be
undertaken as a solution to a particular problem? Rubrics:

A. Claim of fact C. Claim of policy

B. Claim of value D. All of the above
____2.Which of the following is a Claim of Value?
A. Teachers should be given an increase in their salary.
B. It is immoral to participate in violent strikes in the street.
C. Global warming is a threat to people living here on Earth.
D. The age at which people can get a driver’s license must be
____3. Which of the following is NOT a claim of fact?
A. The idea of playing outside does not appeal as much to children today
as it did to children years ago.
B. Many teachers are taking advantage of technological advancements and
are incorporating the use of gadgets in their lessons.
C. The number of cars on Metro Manila roads has increased in recent
years. Rubrics:

D. It should be unlawful to allow minors to stay outside after 10 in the

evening.
____4. Kelly is writing a paper. In providing evidence for her claim of
policy, which of the following should be established?
A. that the proposed solution is attainable
B. that the proposed solution is difficult to carry out
C. that the proposed solution is complex and impressive
____5. Which characteristic of claim means it should capture the
interest of readers at first glance and encourage a healthy discussion
on Rubrics:

the topic?
A. argumentative and debatable
B. specific and focused
C. interesting and engaging
D. logical
ASSIGNMENT
Read the paragraph and identify the type of claims presented in it.
Use colors to underline each claim. (Fact-blue, Value-red, Policy-
black)
Rubrics:

Childhood obesity in our country has more than tripled in the

past thirty years. Today, one in six children in our country is obese.
This is unacceptable. As parents, we try to provide a better future for
our children, better than we’ve ever had. We need to stand up and do
what we can. We can start by supporting the passing of the anti-junk
food bill in schools and other child-friendly areas.
-Adapted from Sample Op-Ed on Childhood