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    1 6 Runoff 2

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    Adnan ullah
    The document discusses methods for calculating the time of concentration of a watershed. It describes the time of concentration as the time for water to flow from the most distant point to the outlet once the soil is saturated. It then explains several common formulas for calculating time of concentration, including the Kirpich and SCS methods, and provides examples of using the SCS method to calculate peak runoff rate.

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    1 6 Runoff 2

    Uploaded by

    Adnan ullah
    11 views7 pages
    The document discusses methods for calculating the time of concentration of a watershed. It describes the time of concentration as the time for water to flow from the most distant point to the outlet once the soil is saturated. It then explains several common formulas for calculating time of concentration, including the Kirpich and SCS methods, and provides examples of using the SCS method to calculate peak runoff rate.

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    1-6-Runoff-2

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    The document discusses methods for calculating the time of concentration of a watershed. It describes the time of concentration as the time for water to flow from the most distant point to the outlet once the soil is saturated. It then explains several common formulas for calculating time of concentration, including the Kirpich and SCS methods, and provides examples of using the SCS method to calculate peak runoff rate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    11 views7 pages

    1 6 Runoff 2

    Uploaded by

    Adnan ullah
    The document discusses methods for calculating the time of concentration of a watershed. It describes the time of concentration as the time for water to flow from the most distant point to the outlet once the soil is saturated. It then explains several common formulas for calculating time of concentration, including the Kirpich and SCS methods, and provides examples of using the SCS method to calculate peak runoff rate.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 7

    Time of concentration

    The time of concentration of a watershed is the time required for


    water to flow from the most remote (in time of flow) point of the
    area to the outlet once the soil has become saturated and minor
    depressions filled.
    It is assumed that when the duration of a storm equals the time of
    concentration, all parts of the watershed are contributing
    simultaneously to the discharge at the outlet.
    However, for small drainage basins, the lag time for the peak flow
    can be taken to be equal to the time of concentration.
     The time of concentration is a function of catchment size, its
    shape land use and soil properties.
    Different formulas exist for calculating the time of concentration
    such as:
    Kirpich SCS Chow etc
    1
    Time of Concentration
    One of the most widely accepted methods of computing the time of
    concentration was developed by Kirpich (1940):

    Tc = 0.0195 L0.77 S-0.385


    Where
    Tc = time of concentration in min
    L = maximum length of flow in m
    S = the watershed gradient in m per m or the difference in elevation between
    the outlet and the most remote point divided by the length, L.

    2
    Time of Concentration

    SCS has recommended two methods for time of concentration, the lag method
    and the upland, or velocity method.
    The lag method relates the time lag (TL), defined as the time in hours from the
    center of mass of the rainfall excess to the peak discharge, to the slope (Y) in
    percent, the hydraulic length (L) in feet, and the potential maximum retention
    (S), expressed as

    L0.8 ( S  1) 0.7
    TL 
    1900 Y 0.5

    5 L0.8 ( S  1) 0.7
    Tc  TL 
    3 1140 Y 0.5
    Where L = longest flow length (feet)
    3
    Time of Concentration
    The velocity (upland) method is based upon defining the time of
    concentration as the ratio of the hydraulic flow length (L) to the velocity (V)

    Tc = L / (3600 V)
    where Tc is in hours, L is in feet and V in ft/s.

    The velocity can be estimated (from figure developed by US SCS -1986)


    knowing the land use and the slope.

    If the watershed consists of k segments with different land uses, the


    concentration will be

    1 k Li
    Tc  
    3600 i 1 Vi

    4
    5
    Peak Flow Rate by SCS

    This method described by US SCS (!973) was developed for uniform


    rainfall using the assumptions for a triangular hydrograph as:

    q = 0.0021 Q A / Tp
    Where
    Q = runoff volume in mm (area under the hydrograph)
    q = runoff rate in m3/s
    A = watershed area in ha
    Tp = time to peak in hours

    Tp = 0.5 D + 0.6 Tc
    D = duration of excess rainfall

    Ex. 2.5: Page 56 and Ex. 4.3: Page 121 6


    Example 1
    Using the SCS method, determine the peak runoff rate from a 100 ha
    watershed from a uniform 36-min (0.6-h) storm that produced 10 mm of
    runoff volume. Assume Tc for the watershed is 0.5 h.
    Solution

    Tp = 0.5 D + 0.6 Tc
    = 0.5 x 0.6 + 0.6 x 0.5 = 0.6 h

    q = 0.0021 Q A / Tp

    = 0.0021 x 10 x 100 / 0.6


    = 3.50 m3/s
    7

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