Chapter Tree Upper Limb Chapter

UPPER LIMB
ANATOMY
chapter three
outline
 shoulder girdle
clavicle
scapula
• Arm
humerus
• Cubital fossa
• Forearm
ulnar and radius
• Hand
carpus , metacarpus , phalanges
Pectoral (shoulder) girdle
• Consist of two bones
1= clavicle
2= scapula
 Loosely attached , held in place largely by
musculature
 frees girdle to move over the thorax
Clavicle
 S - shaped
Have
 sternal end : articulate with sternum
 acromial end : articulate with scapula
 Trapezoid line : to which Trapezoid
ligament attaches
clavicle
Function of clavicle
 connects the upper limb to the trunk

 attachment site for muscles of the thorax
and shoulder
 enables elevation of the ribs for deep
inspiration
What happen after fracture of clavicle?
Fracture of clavicle
 Commonly caused by an indirect force an

outstretched hand during fall
 The weakest part is middle and lateral
third
 after fracture – the shoulder will drop
Scapula
Triangular flat bone
Leis posterolateral aspect of the thorax overlying the
2nd and 7th ribs
have
Spine and acromion for attachment of trapezius
muscles
Glenoid cavity for articulate with head of the
humerus
Glenoid cavity
spine
Humerus ( Arm )
The longest bone of the upper extremity
 Consist of head , shaft ( body ), anatomical
neck & surgical neck
 the head of the humerus articulate
proximally with the glenoid cavity of the
scapula.
Ulna ( Forearm )
The medial and longer of the two forearm bones.
Has two notch
1= trochlear notch articulate with humerus
2= radial notch articulate with radius
Also it consist body and head
NB. Ulna does not reach the wrist
Radius ( Forearm )
The lateral and shorter of the two forearm bones.
extends from the lateral side of the elbow to
the thumb side of the wrist and runs parallel to the
ulna
 it consist of head , neck , body .
the radius is thicker then ulna
The radius is part of two joints: the elbow and
the wrist.
Fracture of ulna and radius
 A direct injury usually produce

transverse fracture at the same level
often in the middle third of the bones .
Colles fracture
 result from forced dorsiflexion the hand

 the most common fracture of the forearm
Is complete fracture of the distal end of the radius
 often , the ulnar styloid process is avulsed
(broken off )
 this fracture is often referred to as a dinner fork
deformity
Elbow joint
The elbow joint is a synovial joint found
in the upper limb between the arm and the
forearm.
It is the point of articulation of three bones:
the humerus of the arm and the radius and
the ulna of the forearm.
Elbow joint
 joints is provided by a highly viscous

synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant.
 The elbow joint is functionally

a hinge joint
Cubital fossa
 Depression on the anterior aspect of the
elbow
 found medial cubital vein that used

venipuncture
Venipuncture
Is puncture of vein to draw blood or

inject a solution.
The median vein is commonly used .
Arising from cephalic and basilic vein

Basilic
vein
cephalic
Median cubital
vein
The Hand
Carpal bones
 8 bones , from the wrist (carpus )
 arranged in to two rows – proximal row and distal row.
Proximal rows
 scaphoid
 lunate
 Triquetrum
 pisiform
Carpal bones
Distal row
 Trapezium
 Trapezoid
 Capitate
 Hamate
test
Triquetrum is part of distal row
A: True B: false
Which one of the following isn’t part of proximal rows

A: Triquetrum B: lunate C: Hamate
Metacarpal bones
 Forms the skeleton of the palm
 Composed of five metacarpal bones
 each metacarpal consist of a base , shaft and
head
Phalanges
o14 bones : form the fingers
o the distal phalanges are flattened and expended
at their distal end which underlie the nail beds
Deltoid muscle
 is Injection sites
 The deltoid muscle in the outer portion of

the upper arm is used for injections of small
volume, usually equal to or less than 2 ml.
This includes most intramuscular
vaccinations.
Thank you
Dr: osma

Chapter Tree Upper Limb Chapter

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Chapter Tree Upper Limb Chapter

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UPPER LIMB

 connects the upper limb to the trunk

 Commonly caused by an indirect force an

 A direct injury usually produce

 result from forced dorsiflexion the hand

 joints is provided by a highly viscous

 The elbow joint is functionally

 found medial cubital vein that used

Is puncture of vein to draw blood or

The median vein is commonly used .

Arising from cephalic and basilic vein

Which one of the following isn’t part of proximal rows

 The deltoid muscle in the outer portion of

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