Lesson 2 3

LESSON 2
CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE REPORT
• 1. Performance Report – contains information as to the status of

activities or operations
• 2. Fact-finding - involves the gathering and presentation of data in
logical order, without an attempt to draw conclusions
• 3. Technical report – presents data on a specialized subject
• 4. Problem-determining report - attempts to find the causes
underlying a problem or to find
whether or not a problem really exists
• 5. Problem solution report - analyzes the thought process that lies
behind the solution of a particular problem
HOW ARE POLICE REPORTS CATEGORIZED?
Operational Reports
Internal Business Reports
Technical Reports
Summary Reports
CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE REPORT
• Dr. Gammage emphasized that these reports are the raw materials from which
administrative reports are derived- that in directing efforts toward improving these
reports, he believes that the whole of the reporting process can be improved.
SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONS OF DOCUMENTS
• TOP SECRET
• SECRET MATTER
• CONFIDENTIAL MATTER
• RESTRICTED
SECURITY CLASSIFICATIONS OF DOCUMENTS
• MARGIN RULES:
• Top - first page (without printed letterhead), typed letterhead, ¾ inch or 5 roller spaces
from the edge of the paper;
• Top - second page and succeeding pages, 1 ¼ inches or 7 roller spaces from the top
edge of the paper;
• Left Margin - 1 ¼ inches or 15 bar spaces;
• Right Margin - ¾ inch or 7 bar spaces; and
• Bottom - 1 ¼ inches or 7 roller spaces.
PROOFREADING MECHANICS
A report's effectiveness and an officer's credibility can be damaged by a report with too
many mechanical errors. When proofreading the reports they have written, officers should
look for:
• Inappropriate use of nouns, pronouns, verbs, etc.
• Vague or confusing language
• Incorrect or inappropriate use of words
• Gaps in logic or narrative flow
• Spelling errors
• Inappropriate punctuation
• Incorrect use of police, fire or EMS abbreviations
• Overuse of words, such as "that"
ANATOMY OF CRIME
MOTIVES are the reasons or causes why a person or groups of persons

perpetuate a crime.
INSTRUMENTALITIES are the means or instruments used in the

commission of the crime.
OPPORTUNITIES consist of the acts of omission and/ or commission by a

person (the victim) which enable another person or group of persons (the
criminal/s) to perpetrate the crime.
POLICE VISIBILITY
• THREE THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED:

1. Physical Presence
2. The Patrolling Scheme
3. Response
NOTEBOOK AND JOURNAL ENTRIES
• Notebook.
• It plays a significant role as all subsequent actions expected of the Police Community
Precincts Commander (and even personnel from higher headquarters) will depend on
matters recorded in it.
• Journals exclusively for the PBS shall be maintained at each Police Community
Precincts..
POLICE VISIBILITY
WHAT ARE THE (3) THREE
THINGS THAT WE
1. Physical Presence 2. The Patrolling Scheme 3. Response
SHOULD CONSIDER IN
POLICE VISIBILITY?
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF
DEPARTMENTAL GENERAL ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS
AND MEMORANDA
• GENERAL ORDERS - orders and/or directives covering organizational

set-up, functional duties, constitution of
committees, including departmental
commendations for officers, members and civilian
employees
- are prepared for signature of the Superintendent
AND MEMORANDA
• SPECIAL ORDERS- dealing on assignments, transfer, temporary duty

or special training, etc. of personnel.
- prepared for signature of the Deputy
Superintendent under the correspondent line authority
AND MEMORANDA
• NUMBERED MEMORANDUM- is a department-wide directions or orders

prescribing guidelines, standing
procedures, policies, rules and
regulations which are intended for
compliance/ implementation on
permanent or continuing basis.
- orders are prepared for signature of the
Deputy Superintendent under the usual
line authority
AND MEMORANDA
• MEMORANDA (unnumbered)
- this is another form of dissemination of directives or
orders which are intended for compliance/
implementation on temporary basis or lasting only for a short period
- are also used for dissemination by quoting therein
letters of appreciation and other communications from other offices or
individuals, for informative purposes
GENERAL ORDERS
LESSON 3
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION as defined by Basilio
Cael in his book: A Guide to Criminal Investigation. It is
the collection and analysis of facts/ truth about persons,
things places, subject of a crime to identify the guilty
party, locate the whereabouts of the guilty party, and
provide admissible evidences to establish the guilt of
parties involved in a crime.
CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
In investigation work, the investigator's effectiveness rest
on his adequate knowledge, skills and the experiences
about investigative techniques, methods, procedures,
rules and policies to include the 5 W's and 1 H.
1. WHAT offense has been committed?
2. WHERE was the offense committed?
3. WHO committed the offense?
4. WHEN was the offense committed?
5. WHY was the offense committed?
6. HOW was the offense committed?
WHAT ARE THE GOALS OF CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION?
• To determine if crime has been committed;

• To legally obtain information and evidences to
identify persons responsible;
• To arrest suspects;
• To recover stolen property, and
• To complete presentation of case to appropriate
authority
WHAT ARE THE TOOLS OF AN
INVESTIGATOR IN GATHERING FACTS?
(3I’s)
• INFORMATION - Data gathered

• INTERROGATION - Skillful questioning
• INSTRUMENTATION - application of
instruments and methods of the physical
science.
What are the methods of
identifying the offenders?
• Confession
• Eyewitnesses
• Circumstantial evidence
• Associate evidence
What are Standard methods of
Recording Investigative data?
• Photographs;
• Sketches of crime scene;
• Notes about the crime;
• Fingerprints found at the scene
• Physical evidences gathered
What are Standard methods of
Recording Investigative data?
• Plaster cast
• Tapes of sounds or voices
• Video tape record of objects or
sounds
• Written statements of subjects and
witnesses; and
• Computerized and programmed
WHAT ARE THE QUALIFICATION OF
AN INVESTIGATOR?
• Capable of observation;
• Rational thinker;
• Knowledgeable about the laws on
crimes, evidences, arrest, investigative
concepts, techniques, scientific aids,
laboratory services, and about criminals
and their 'modus operandi;
WHAT ARE THE QUALIFICATION OF
AN INVESTIGATOR?
• Power of intellect on the sp called 6th

sense;
• Cooperative and can work with others;
• Observant of professional ethics;
• Has leadership potential, and
• Reliable, honest, and physically, and
mentally fit.
WHAT ARE THE BASIC FUNCTIONS
OF AN INVESTIGATOR?
• Providing emergency assistance;

• Securing the crime scene;
• Photographing, videotaping and
sketching
• Taking notes and writing reports;
• Searching for ,obtaining and processing
physical evidences;
WHAT ARE THE BASIC FUNCTIONS
OF AN INVESTIGATOR?
• Obtaining information from witnesses

and suspects;
• Conducting raids, surveillance, stakeout
and undercover assignment; and
• Testifying in court;
• Investigation monitoring and research.
HOW ARE THE LAW ENFORCEMENT
REPORTS CLASSIFIED?
1. Administrative Reports - deal with the

routine functioning of the department or
agency.
2. Operational Reports - which deal with

the activities of the law enforcement officers.
WHAT IS THE CONCEPT OF
POLICE REPORT?
• Police report is any written matter
prepared by the police involving
their interaction with the
community.
POLICE REPORT?
• Police report is an exact narration
of facts discovered during the
course of crime investigation
which serves as a permanent
written record for future reference.
POLICE REPORT?
• Permanent written record of police
activities classified as informal
and formal which communicates
important facts concerning people
involved in criminal activities.
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS
OF THE PNP?
1. CRIME PREVENTION
2. CRIME SOLUTION
3. TRAFFIC CONTROL
WHAT ARE THE FOUR (4)
TYPES OF OPERATIONAL
REPORTS?
1. Patrol Service Reports - A patrol report form is a record
of police unit activities and it is used by law enforcement
agencies to track the activities of police officers on duty.
2. Arrest Reports - The arrest report goes on the person's

record, along with information taken at intake such as
fingerprints, photograph, and demographic data.
ARREST
REPORT
WHAT ARE THE FOUR (4)
TYPES OF OPERATIONAL
REPORTS?
3. Preliminary Investigation Reports - A preliminary
investigation is the initial response to any report of criminal
activity, including both accidental and intentional.
4.Supplemental Progress Reports/ Follow-up Reports -

Police departments use a supplementary police report when
additional information is brought forward after the initial
report was filed. Victims or witnesses usually come forward
with information that is included in a supplementary report
MIRANDA RIGHTS AND MIRANDA
WARNING
Section 12. (1) Any person under investigation for
the commission of an offense shall have the right
to be informed of his right to remain silent and to
have competent and independent counsel
preferably of his own choice. If the person cannot
afford the services of counsel, he must be
provided with one. These rights cannot be waived
except in writing and in the presence of counsel.
MIRANDA RIGHTS AND MIRANDA
WARNING
What is Republic Act No 7438?
Republic Act No. 7438, Act defining certain rights
of persons arrested, detained or under custodial
investigation as well as the duties of the
arresting, detaining and investigating officers,
and providing penalties for violations thereof,
1992. Legislation. Criminal repression. Internal
legal order.
MIRANDA
WARNING
Let's wrap it up
and see what
we've learned!
Hey there, who's got
question
to ask?
REFERENCE
• Foronda, M.A. (2021) Technical English 2 (Legal Forms) Crime Detection and
Investigation (CDI-8). Wiseman's Books Trading, Inc.

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LESSON 2

CLASSIFICATION OF POLICE REPORT

• 1. Performance Report – contains information as to the status of

Internal Business Reports

MOTIVES are the reasons or causes why a person or groups of persons

INSTRUMENTALITIES are the means or instruments used in the

OPPORTUNITIES consist of the acts of omission and/ or commission by a

• THREE THINGS TO BE CONSIDERED:

• GENERAL ORDERS - orders and/or directives covering organizational

• SPECIAL ORDERS- dealing on assignments, transfer, temporary duty

• NUMBERED MEMORANDUM- is a department-wide directions or orders

• To determine if crime has been committed;

• INFORMATION - Data gathered

• Power of intellect on the sp called 6th

• Providing emergency assistance;

• Obtaining information from witnesses

1. Administrative Reports - deal with the

2. Operational Reports - which deal with

2. Arrest Reports - The arrest report goes on the person's

4.Supplemental Progress Reports/ Follow-up Reports -

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