Heating and Cooling Substances

Combined science - Physics - Key stage 4 - Particle Model of Matter
Heating and cooling substances
Mr Charman
Heating and cooling curves
Specific heat capacity calculations

Equipments
For this lesson you will need:
Pen Paper
Pencil Ruler Calculator
3
Warm up Heating curve of Ice
1. Identify the stages where the

temperature is constant.
2. Identify and label the stages E
where there is a change of
state. D
3. For each stage (A-E) write
down if the kinetic store or C
potential store is increasing
A B
Image, Mr Charman
4
Review
Warm up
1. Identify the stages where the temperature is constant.

B and D
2. Identify and label the stages where there is a change of state.
B - melting, D - Boiling
3. For each stage (A-E) write down if the kinetic store or potential store is increasing.
A, C and E - kinetic energy store increasing. B and D - potential energy store increasing.
Cooling a system
Cooling curve of steam
Image, Mr Charman
Which state of matter has the least
internal energy?
Solid Liquid Gas

Which state of matter has the most
internal energy?
Solid Liquid Gas

When a substance is cooled the
internal energy __________. When a
substance is heated the internal energy
__________.
When changing state from solid to
liquid (melting) the potential energy
store...
Increases Decreases
When changing state from gas to
liquid (condensing) the potential
energy store...
Increases Decreases
When cooling a substance the
kinetic energy store of the
particles…
Increases Decreases
Independent practice
1. Describe what is happening at each of these stages on the diagram in terms of potential and
kinetic stores for the water molecules:
a. A-B
b. B-C
c. C-D
d. D-E
e. E-F
Image, Mr Fishwick
2. Challenge - correctly identify and explain the effect on temperature and state of matter for each stage
Review
1. Describe what is happening at each of these stages on the diagram in terms of potential and
kinetic stores for the water molecules:
a. A-B Kinetic store increasing
b. B-C Potential store increasing
c. C-D Kinetic store increasing
d. D-E Potential store increasing
e. E-F Kinetic store increasing
2. Challenge - correctly identify and explain the effect on temperature and state of matter for each
stage. Temperature increasing during stages A-B, C-D and E-F. The temperature is constant
during stages B-C and D-E.
Credit: Kevin Phillips / Public domain
Specific heat capacity
● Mass / kg
● Specific heat capacity describes how much energy is required to raise the temperature of one
kilogram of a material by one degree Celsius.
● It has the units J/kg oC
16
Heating a system
Specific heat capacity is defined as the
_________ required to raise the
____________ of 1 _________ of a
substance by ___ Co
Specific heat capacity is defined as the
energy required to raise the temperature
of 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 Co
True or false? The temperature change of
an object depends on its specific heat
capacity?
True False
True or false? An object with a greater
mass will undergo a greater change in
temperature?
True False
True or false? The temperature change of
an object depends on the amount of
energy transferred?
True False
Pause the video to complete your task
Specific heat capacity
1) Write the definition of specific heat capacity
2) Write down the 3 things that the temperature change of substance a

depends on when being heated?
Resume once you’re finished

Review - Specific heat capacity
1. Specific heat capacity is defined as the energy required to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram
of a substance by 1 oC
2. The temperature change depends on:

a. mass
b. specific heat capacity
c. the amount of energy transferred.
24
Calculating energy changes
Energy change = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature
Energy - Joules / J
Mass - kilograms / kg
Temperature change - degrees celsius / oC
Specific heat capacity - Joules per kilogram degree celsius J / kg oC
25
Quick fire questions
Energy change Mass
Specific heat capacity Temperature change
26
Worked example
Water has a specific heat capacity of 4200 J/kgoC . Iron has a specific heat capacity of 450 J/kgoC .
Calculate the energy change when mass is 10 kg Calculate the energy change when mass is 20 000 g
and change in temperature is 6 °C and change in temperature is 5 °C
Values
Equation
Substitute
Rearrange
Answer
Units
27
Calculate the energy transferred for each of these:

Material Specific heat capacity
J/kg oC
1. m = 1.5 kg and Δθ = 20 °C (for copper)
2. m = 2 kg and Δθ = 80 °C (for oil) Air 100
3. m = 4 kg and Δθ = 8 °C (for water) Aluminium 900
4. m = 2.2 kg and Δθ = 0.5 °C (for air) Copper 390
5. m = 2 kg and Δθ = 18 °C (for aluminium)
Iron 450
6. Challenge: m = 500 000 g and Δθ = 20 °C
Oil 540
and state in kJ (for iron)
Water 4200
28
Review
Calculate the energy transferred for each of these:
1. m = 1.5 kg and Δθ = 20 °C (for copper) 11700 J

2. m = 2 kg and Δθ = 80 °C (for oil) 86400 J
3. m = 4 kg and Δθ = 8 °C (for water) 134400 J
4. m = 2.2 kg and Δθ = 0.5 °C (for air) 110 J
5. m = 2 kg and Δθ = 18 °C (for aluminium) 32400 J
6. Challenge: m = 500 000 g and Δθ = 20 °C and state in kJ (for iron)
4500 kJ
29
Worked example - mass
Calculate the mass of water that needs Calculate the mass of water that needs 10 kJ to
21000 J to increase its temperature by increase its temperature by 10 oC. (c = 4200 J/kg oC for
2 oC. (c = 4200 J/kg oC for water) water)
Values
Equation
Substitute
Rearrange
Answer
Units
30
Calculate the mass for each of the following:

J/kg oC
1. ΔE = 1 000 J and Δθ = 5 °C (for oil)
2. ΔE = 2000 J and Δθ = 2 °C (for aluminium) Air 100
3. ΔE = 600 J and Δθ = 4.5 °C (for copper) Aluminium 900
4. ΔE = 5,000,000 J and Δθ = 25 °C (for water) Copper 390
5. Challenge: ΔE = 0.1 kJ and Δθ = 80 °C (for oil)
Iron 450
and state in g.
Oil 540
Water 4200
31
Review
Calculate the mass for each of the following:
1. ΔE = 1 000 J and Δθ = 5 °C (for oil) 0.37 kg

2. ΔE = 2000 J and Δθ = 2 °C (for aluminium) 1.1 kg
3. ΔE = 600 J and Δθ = 4.5 °C (for copper) 0.34 kg
4. ΔE = 5,000,000 J and Δθ = 25 °C (for water) 48 kg
5. Challenge: ΔE = 0.1 kJ and Δθ = 80 °C (for oil) 2.3 g
and state in g.
32
Worked example - temperature change
Calculate the temperature change when 5000 J of Calculate the temperature change when 500 J of energy
energy is transferred to 5 kg of copper (c = 390 is transferred to 100 g of air (c = 100 J/kg oC)
J/kg oC)
Values
Equation
Substitute
Rearrange
Answer
Units
33
Calculate the temperature change for the following:

J/kg oC
1. ΔE = 4 000 J and m = 20 kg (for copper)
2. ΔE = 1 000 J and m = 0.5 kg (for air) Air 100
3. ΔE = 70 000 J and m = 10 kg (for aluminium) Aluminium 900
4. ΔE = 200 J and m = 0.05 kg (for oil) Copper 390
5. Challenge: ΔE = 20 kJ and m = 2500 g
Iron 450
(for water)
Oil 540
Water 4200
34
Review
Calculate the temperature change for the following:
1. ΔE = 4 000 J and m = 20 kg (for copper) 0.51 oC

2. ΔE = 1 000 J and m = 0.5 kg (for air) 20 oC
3. ΔE = 70 000 J and m = 10 kg (for aluminium) 7.8 oC
4. ΔE = 200 J and m = 0.05 kg (for oil) 7.4 oC
5. Challenge: ΔE = 20 kJ and m = 2500 g (for water) 1.9 oC
35
Complete the Heating and cooling curves
worksheet and
exit quiz Specific heat capacity calculations

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Combined science - Physics - Key stage 4 - Particle Model of Matter

Heating and cooling substances

Specific heat capacity calculations

For this lesson you will need:

Pencil Ruler Calculator

1. Identify the stages where the

1. Identify the stages where the temperature is constant.

Solid Liquid Gas

Solid Liquid Gas

● It has the units J/kg oC

Specific heat capacity

1) Write the definition of specific heat capacity

2) Write down the 3 things that the temperature change of substance a

Resume once you’re finished

2. The temperature change depends on:

Energy change = mass x specific heat capacity x change in temperature

Temperature change - degrees celsius / oC

Specific heat capacity - Joules per kilogram degree celsius J / kg oC

Energy change Mass

Specific heat capacity Temperature change

Calculate the energy transferred for each of these:

Calculate the energy transferred for each of these:

1. m = 1.5 kg and Δθ = 20 °C (for copper) 11700 J

Calculate the mass for each of the following:

Calculate the mass for each of the following:

1. ΔE = 1 000 J and Δθ = 5 °C (for oil) 0.37 kg

Calculate the temperature change for the following:

Calculate the temperature change for the following:

1. ΔE = 4 000 J and m = 20 kg (for copper) 0.51 oC

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