Endocrine System

ENDOCRINE
SYSTEM
QUARTER 3
OBJECTIVES:
1. Identify the different glands of the
endocrine system;
2. Determine the hormones involved in each
gland;
3. Explain the function of each gland;
4. Explain the effect of a particular hormone
in the body if not properly regulated
PRELIMINARY ACTIVITY / MOTIVATION:
What are you going to do if you

are in the position of the man?
Why?
Will you be able to carry a heavy

refrigerator like the man in the
picture? Why?
PRESENTATION OF THE LESSON:
Lesson 1:
The Secretors of the Human Body
INTRODUCTION:
Your endocrine system is made up of
several organs called glands. These
glands, located all over your body,
create and secrete (release) hormones.
What is the endocrine system?
 Refers to the glands
and organs that make
hormones and release
them directly into the
blood so they can
travel to tissues and
organs all over the
body.
What does the endocrine system do and how
does it work?
• It does its work by maintaining the following bodily
processes:
 Metabolism (the way you break down food and get energy
from nutrients).
 Growth and development.
 Emotions and mood.
 Fertility and sexual function.
 Sleep.
 Blood pressure.
What are the 3 vital functions of this system?
 Makes Hormones for Mood, Development,

and Growth. Many different vital hormones
are created and controlled within the
endocrine system.
 Sends Hormones into Your Bloodstream.
 Regulates the Release of Hormones.

What are the different glands of the endocrine system and
how do they work in maintaining such bodily processes?
1. Pituitary gland 6. Adrenal gland
2. Pineal gland 7. Pancreas
3. Thyroid gland 8. Testes (Males)
4. Parathyroid gland 9. Ovaries (Females)
5. Thymus gland
Pituitary gland
- an important gland in the
body and it is often
referred to as the
“master gland”, because
it controls several of the
other hormone glands
Pituitary gland
- is located at the base of
the brain.
- releases hormones such
as:
oxytocin vasopressin ACTH
growth hormone prolactin
luteinizing hormone follicle stimulating hormone

Pineal gland
- is located in the middle of
the brain.
- Produces the hormone
melatonin.
- helps your body know when
it's time to sleep.
- also regulates the timing of
other functions throughout
the body, such as when
puberty starts.
Thyroid gland
- is located below the voice
box.
- produces hormones such
as thyroxin and calcitonin.
- regulates body
metabolism and causes
storage of calcium in
bones.
Parathyroid glands
- are located in the neck.
- produce the parathyroid
hormone or
parathormone.
- control the calcium
levels in your body and
normalize bone growth.
Thymus gland
- is located in the front of
the heart.
- produces Thymosin.
- enables the body to
produce antibodies.
Thymus gland
Does the it decreases in size
with age?
• A critical immune organ
called the thymus shrinks
rapidly with age, putting older
individuals at greater risk for
life-threatening infections.
Thymus gland
Does it decrease in size with
age?
• But starting around the time
of puberty, it rapidly
decreases in size and loses
its capacity to produce
enough new T cells.
Adrenal gland
- is located on the top of
the kidneys.
- produces adrenaline and
noradrenaline.
- prepares the body for
action, controls the heart
rate and breathing in
times of emergency.
Pancreas
- is located between
the kidneys.
- produces insulin and
glucagon.
- regulates blood
sugar.
Testes (singular; testis)
- are found in the lower
abdomen of males.
- produce androgen and
testosterone.
- control maturation and
male characteristics.
Effects of Testosterone
Ovaries (singular; ovary)
- are found in the lower
abdomen of females.
- produce estrogen and
progesterone.
- influence female traits
and support
reproductive function.
Lesson 2: The Wonders of Hormones
What are hormones?
 Hormones are chemical substances that act
like messenger molecules in the body.
 After being made in one part of the body, they
travel to other parts of the body where they
help control how cells and organs do their
work.
 For example, insulin is a hormone that's made
by the beta cells in the pancreas.
How do hormones work?
 While all cells are exposed to hormones circulating in
the bloodstream, not all cells react.
 Only a hormone's "target" cells, which have receptors
for that hormone, will respond to its signal.
 When the hormone binds to its receptor, it causes a
biological response within the cell.
Effects of Hormone Deficiencies:
 Hormonal imbalances occur when there is too
much or too little of a hormone in the
bloodstream.
 The main causes of hormonal imbalances are
issues with the thyroid, stress, and eating
disorders.
 Some symptoms include irregular periods, low
sex-drive, unexplained weight gain, and mood
swings.
 Your hormones, which your endocrine system
makes, are your body's messengers.
What are the different disorders brought about by
hormonal imbalance?
Goiter Dwarfism Gigantism
Diabetes Acromegaly Prolactinoma
Cushing’s Addison’s
syndrome disease
1. Goiter
- is the irregular growth of the
thyroid gland.
- may be an overall enlargement of
the thyroid, or it may be the result
of irregular cell growth that forms
one or more lumps (nodules) in
the thyroid.
- most common cause of goiters
worldwide is a lack of iodine in the
diet.
Causes of goiter
Iodine deficiency Graves' disease Thyroid cancer Inflammation or
Thyroiditis
Hashimoto's disease Thyroid nodules Pregnancy
2. Dwarfism
- Is a growth hormone
deficiency that would
result to a child's slow
growth pattern and an
unusually small stature
(below average
height).
3. Gigantism
- is a serious condition that is
nearly always caused by an
adenoma, a tumor of the
pituitary gland.
- a condition where the pituitary
tumor cells secrete too much
growth hormone (GH), leading
to many changes in the body.
4. Diabetes
- Is a condition when your
pancreas doesn't produce
enough insulin to control the
amount of glucose, or sugar,
in your blood.
- types:
• Type 1 Diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is
thought to be caused by an autoimmune
reaction (the body attacks itself by
mistake) that stops your body from
making insulin.
• Type 2 Diabetes.
• Gestational Diabetes.
5. Acromegaly
- Is a disorder in which the pituitary gland
overproduces growth hormone.
- Its symptoms include:
• Abnormally large lips, nose or tongue
• Abnormally large or swollen hands or feet
• Altered facial bone structure
• Body and joint aches
• Deep voice
• Fatigue and weakness
• Headaches
• Overgrowth of bone and cartilage and thickening of the skin
• Sexual dysfunction, including decreased libido
• Sleep apnea
• Vision impairment
6. Prolactinoma
- arises when a dysfunctional pituitary gland
makes excess prolactin hormone, which
functions in the production of breast milk.
- Symptoms:
• Erectile dysfunction
• Infertility
• Loss of libido
• Missed menstrual periods
• Unexplained milk production
7. Cushing’s syndrome
- arises from excess cortisol, produced by the adrenal
glands.
8. Addison’s disease
- is characterized by decreased production of cortisol and
aldosterone due to adrenal gland damage.
What are the risk factors for endocrine disorders?
Risk factors for endocrine disorders include:
 Elevated cholesterol levels

 Family history of endocrine disorder
 Inactivity
 Personal history of autoimmune disorders, such as
diabetes
 Poor diet
 Pregnancy (in cases such as hyperthyroidism)
 Recent surgery, trauma, infection, or serious injury
How can we reduce the risk factors for endocrine disorders?
• While many endocrine disorders are inherited or arise

for unknown reasons, some may be related to
modifiable lifestyle factors.
• You may be able to lower your risk of certain endocrine
disorders, such as hypothyroidism, by:
 Eating a balanced, healthy diet
 Living a healthy lifestyle,

including regular physical activity
Quotable Quote:
If you skew the endocrine system, you lose
the pathways to self. When endocrine
patterns change, it alters the way you think
and feel. One shift in the pattern tends to trip
another.
-Hilary Mantel-
ASSESSMENT: # 3
Answer the following based on your understanding of the

lesson. 5 points each number.
1. How are hormones important in the human body?

2. Why is the pituitary gland considered the master gland?
3. How could hormones help in maintaining the
homeostasis or state of balance of the human body?
4. How could deficiencies of hormones lead to a disorder?
5. Why is acromegaly most of the time associated with
gigantism?
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ENDOCRINE

What are you going to do if you

Will you be able to carry a heavy

 Makes Hormones for Mood, Development,

 Sends Hormones into Your Bloodstream.

 Regulates the Release of Hormones.

growth hormone prolactin

luteinizing hormone follicle stimulating hormone

Goiter Dwarfism Gigantism

Diabetes Acromegaly Prolactinoma

 Elevated cholesterol levels

• While many endocrine disorders are inherited or arise

 Eating a balanced, healthy diet

 Living a healthy lifestyle,

Answer the following based on your understanding of the

1. How are hormones important in the human body?

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