Science10 q1w2 Determining Earthquakes Epicenter

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WHAT IS PLATE

TECTONICS?
Earth’s lithosphere consists of layers, the crust
and the upper part of the mantle. This part of the module
will focus on the outermost layer which is called crust.
The crust is made of a variety of solid rocks like
sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous. It has an
average density of 2.8 g/cm3 and its thickness ranges
from 5 to 50 km. The crust is thickest in a part where a
relatively young mountain is present and thinnest along
the ocean floor.
You will notice from Figure 1 that there are two
kinds of crust: the thicker but less dense
continental crust and the oceanic crust which is
relatively thinner but denser than continental
crust.
According to the plate tectonics model, the
entire lithosphere of the Earth is broken into
numerous segments called plates
The plates move very slowly but
constantly, and this movement is
called tectonics; thus the theory of
moving lithospheric plates is called
plate tectonics.
You have learned in your Grade 8 Science that an earthquake
releases three types of seismic waves; Primary (P-waves),
Secondary (S-waves), and Long surface waves (L-waves). The
first two travel into the Earth’s interior while the last one on the
surface. These waves travel at different velocities; thus, do not
arrive at a seismic recording station at the same time. The farther
the recording instrument is from the focus, the greater the
difference in arrival times of the first P-wave compared to the
first S-wave. The difference in the arrival time will tell us the
distance of the earthquake’s focus from the seismic recording
station. However, it does not tell in which direction it came from.
DETERMINING THE
EARTHQUAKES
EPICENTER
MATERIALS NEEDED:

COMPASS
RULES
PHILIPPINE MAP
CALCULATOR

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