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    EENG 225 Chapter 5

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    Eyüp Tolga
    This document discusses first-order circuits, which contain one energy storage element (a capacitor or inductor) along with resistance. There are two types - RC circuits containing a resistor and capacitor, and RL circuits containing a resistor and inductor. First-order circuits are characterized by a first-order differential equation. They can be excited either by initial conditions of the storage elements or by independent sources. The document provides examples and solutions for analyzing the step response of RC and RL circuits, including calculating voltage and current over time.

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    EENG 225 Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    Eyüp Tolga
    19 views42 pages
    This document discusses first-order circuits, which contain one energy storage element (a capacitor or inductor) along with resistance. There are two types - RC circuits containing a resistor and capacitor, and RL circuits containing a resistor and inductor. First-order circuits are characterized by a first-order differential equation. They can be excited either by initial conditions of the storage elements or by independent sources. The document provides examples and solutions for analyzing the step response of RC and RL circuits, including calculating voltage and current over time.

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    This document discusses first-order circuits, which contain one energy storage element (a capacitor or inductor) along with resistance. There are two types - RC circuits containing a resistor and capacitor, and RL circuits containing a resistor and inductor. First-order circuits are characterized by a first-order differential equation. They can be excited either by initial conditions of the storage elements or by independent sources. The document provides examples and solutions for analyzing the step response of RC and RL circuits, including calculating voltage and current over time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views42 pages

    EENG 225 Chapter 5

    Uploaded by

    Eyüp Tolga
    This document discusses first-order circuits, which contain one energy storage element (a capacitor or inductor) along with resistance. There are two types - RC circuits containing a resistor and capacitor, and RL circuits containing a resistor and inductor. First-order circuits are characterized by a first-order differential equation. They can be excited either by initial conditions of the storage elements or by independent sources. The document provides examples and solutions for analyzing the step response of RC and RL circuits, including calculating voltage and current over time.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 42

    First Order Circuits

    Chapter 5
    5.1 Introduction
    • A first-order circuit can only contain one energy storage element
    (a capacitor or an inductor).
    • The circuit will also contain resistance.
    • So there are two types of first-order circuits: (a) RC circuit (b) RL circuit
    • A first-order circuit is characterized by a first order differential equation.
    • There are two ways to excite the circuits.
    (i) The first way is by initial conditions of the storage elements in the circuits.
    In these so-called source-free circuits.
    (ii) The second way of exciting first-order circuits is by independent sources.
    5.2 The Source-Free RC Circuit
    • A source-free RC circuit occurs when its dc source is suddenly disconnected.
    • The energy already stored in the capacitor is released to the resistors.
    Notes concerning τ
    After 5
    Example 1

    Solution 1
    Example 2

    Solution 2
    5.3 The Source-Free RL Circuit
    Example 3

    Solution 3

    (12 ∨¿ 4 ) 𝑇h𝑒𝑛 𝑖 ( 0 )= 24 𝑉 =6 𝐴
    𝑉 4= 0
    4Ω
    ¿¿
    5.4 Step Response of an RC Circuit
    The step response is the response of the circuit due to a sudden application of a dc voltage or
    current source. Since the voltage of a capacitor cannot change
    instantaneously,
    The solution of the above equation is known as Complete response yields the following expression:
    and

    : Initial capacitor voltage : Final capacitor voltage

    - for t>0

    The current through the capacitor is obtained using


    Example 4
    The switch in figure below has been in position A
    for a long time. At the switch moves to B.
    Determine v(t) and calculate its value at 1 and 4
    sec Solution 4
    The voltage across the capacitor just before is
    obtained by voltage division as

    For t>0 , the switch is in position B.


    Find V(t) for in the circuit shown below. Assume the switch has
    been open for a long time and is closed at t= 0. Calculate V(t) for
    t>0 and voltage at t=0.5 sec
    5.4 Step Response of an RL Circuit

    When the switch is closed we can use KVL again to show

    But we know that the voltage across the inductor is given by


    The complete response of the RL circuit, in general;

    Assume that initial current is Final inductor current is

    The voltage across the inductor is obtained from


    Example 5
    Find i(t) in the circuit shown below for t>0.
    Assume that the switch has been closed for a long time.
    Solution 5
    Since the inductor current cannot change instantaneously
    Example 6 Assume the switch has been closed for a long time and
    the circuit is in a steady state (switch closed). Then then
    the switch is opened at t =0. Sketch VL and iL for before
    and after t=0.
    Solution 6:
    On this occasion the time constant is determined by
    just R’ = (R1 || R2) .
    5.5 Problems
    1. Find the time constant for the RC circuit.

    = 12 sec

    2.

    a) R = 7kΩ and C = 0.7143 uF

    b) = 5 msec
    c) 3.466 msan
    3.

    4.
    5.

    6. Find the time constant for each of the circuits


    7.
    In the circuit shown, find the value of R for which the
    steady-state energy stored in the inductor will be 1 J.
    13.333 Ω

    8.
    9.
    10.
    Obtain the inductor current for t< 0 and t>0 for the circuit shown below.

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