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European
Heat Waves
(2003-2006)

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European Master
heat wavetitle
2003 style

• During April 2003 there was a summer-like heatwave that affected the United Kingdom however mainly England
and Wales where temperature records were broken.
• After a record-breaking heatwave left Europe sweltering in August 2003. The period of extreme heat is thought to be the
warmest for up to 500 years, and many European countries experienced their highest temperatures on record.
• The European heat wave of 2003 affected much of western Europe, breaking temperature records. Much of the heat
was concentrated in France, England and Spain where nearly 15,000 people died. In Portugal, the temperatures
reached as high as 47 °C (117 °F) in the south.

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Impacts

• Physical Impacts : Low river flows and lake levelsThe River Danube in Serbia fell to its lowest level in 100 years. Bombs
and tanks from World War 2, which had been submerged under water for decades, where revealed, causing a danger to
people swimming in the rivers. Reservoirs and rivers used for public water supply and hydro-electric schemes either
dried up or ran extremely low.
• Forest fires : The lack of rainfall meant very dry conditions occurred over much of Europe. Forest fires broke out in many
countries. In Portugal 215,000 hectares area of forest were destroyed. This is an area the same size as Luxembourg. It
is estimated millions of tonnes of topsoil were eroded in the year after the fires as the protection of the forest cover was
removed.
• Melting glaciers : Extreme snow and glacier-melt in the European Alps led to increased rock and ice falls in the
mountains.

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human

• Heat-stroke — normally we sweat, and this keeps us cool on hot days. On very hot days our bodies may not
be able to keep cool enough by sweating alone, and our core body temperature may rise. This can lead to
headaches, dizziness and even death.
• Dehydration — this is the loss of water from our bodies. It can cause tiredness and problems with breathing
and heart rates.
• Sunburn — damage to the skin which can be painful and may increase the risks of getting skin cancer.
• Air pollution — it is thought that one third of the deaths caused by the heatwave in the UK were caused by
poor air quality.
• Drowning — some people drowned when trying to cool off in rivers and lakes.

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European Master
heat wavestitle style
2006

• The European heat wave of 2006 was the second massive heat wave
to hit the continent in four years, with temperatures rising to 40 °C in
Paris; in Ireland, which has a moderate maritime climate, temperatures
of over 32 °C were reported.
• Temperatures of 35 °C were reached in the Benelux and Germany (in
some areas 38 °C , while Great Britain recorded 38 °C .
• Many heat records were broken (including the hottest ever July
temperature in Great Britain) and many people who experienced the
heat waves of 1976 and 2003 drew comparisons with them.
• Highest average July temperatures were recorded at many locations in
Great Britain, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden and Germany.
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Representation
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sed pulvinar ultricies, purus lectus malesuada libero, sit amet commodo magna eros quis urna. Nunc viverra imperdiet
enim. Fusce est. Vivamus a tellus.
Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Proin pharetra
nonummy pede. Mauris et orci.

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Impacts

• This increase in water temperature led to faster evaporation of ocean waters, making August one of the cloudiest and
wettest months in recorded history in various western European countries.
• Drought was an issue in many parts of the United Kingdom after a very dry winter.
• Some power cuts also occurred, some after lightning strikes and some due to large amounts of electricity used by air
conditioners.
• High temperatures in France destroyed many crops, just days before the harvest period, while French officials said at least
40 people were confirmed to have been killed by the heat wave directly.
• In ireland months of June and July 2006 are regarded as one of the best summers ever due to the high levels of sunshine,
warm temperatures and low rainfall. Drought and health problems were not an issue in Ireland, – mostly because the heat
was not as severe there.

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Click to edit Master titleWhat
stylecaused it

European heat wave in 2003 European heat wave in 2006

• This extreme wheather was caused by an anti- • The European heat wave of July 2006 was
cyclone firmly anchored over the western caused by advection of very hot and dry air
European land mass holding back the rain- from North Africa.
bearing depressions that usually enter the
• Air masses were transported on the western
continent from the Atlantic ocean. This
edge of the high pressure system, centred over
situation was exceptional in the extended
Eastern Europe, resulting in exceptionally high
length of time (over 20 days) during which it
air temperatures over large areas of the
conveyed very hot dry air up from south of the
continent.
Mediterranean.
• In the first two weeks of July 2006 a severe
• . During the heat wave, which began in June
heat wave affected Central and North-Eastern
and continued through mid-August,
Europe
temperatures soared to 20–30 percent above
average.

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solution

• Identifying vulnerable populations and creating heat preparedness plans with all residents in mind, that may include
steps like opening cooling centers during periods of extreme heat and adopting workplace heat stress standards.
• Installing cool and green roofs and cool pavement to reduce the urban heat island effect.
• Planting trees to provide shade and to cool the air through evapotranspiration.
• Pursuing energy efficiency to reduce demand on the electricity grid, especially during heat waves.

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conclusion

• Across the globe, hot days are getting hotter and more frequent, while we’re experiencing fewer cold days. Over the past
decade, daily record high temperatures have occurred twice as often as record lows across the continent.
• Heat waves are becoming more common, and intense heat waves are more frequent in many regions.
• Heat waves are more dangerous when combined with high humidity.
• The most effective way to avoid the negative impacts of heatwaves is to mitigate climate change by reducing greenhouse
gas emissions (GHG) and minimize the rise in global mean temperatures,it will also reduce localized air pollution and heat
island effects within cities. Create early warning and response systems and improved communication approaches can
help to save lives and build resilience to heatwaves.

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Refrence

• [1] Coumou, D., Di Capua, G., Vavrus, S., Wang, L. and Wang, S., 2018. The influence of Arctic amplification on
mid-latitude summer circulation. Nature communications, 9(1), p.2959.
• [2] Van Oldenborgh, G., Philip, S. Kew, S. Otto, F. Haustein, K, Vautard, R., Boucher, O., Soubeyroux, J.-M.,
Ribes, A. Robin, Y., Seneviratne, S.i., Vogel, M.M., Stott, P. van Aalst, M. 2019. Human contribution to the
record-breaking June 2019 heat wave in France. World Weather Attribution.
• [3] Ashfaq, M., Shi, Y., Tung, W.W., Trapp, R.J., Gao, X., Pal, J.S. and Diffenbaugh, N.S., 2009. Suppression of
south Asian summer monsoon precipitation in the 21st century. Geophysical Research Letters, 36(1).
• "World Meteorological Organization World Weather / Climate Extremes Archive". Archived from the original on 4
January 2013. Retrieved 14 April 2017.
• ^ El Fadli, KI; et al. (September 2012). "World Meteorological Organization Assessment of the Purported World
Record 58°C Temperature Extreme at El Azizia, Libya (13 September 1922)". Bulletin of the American
Meteorological Society. 94 (2): 199. Bibcode:2013BAMS...94..199E. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-12-00093.1

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Thank You

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