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    Evaporation - Energy Conservation

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    Farha Firosh
    Evaporation is widely used to concentrate aqueous solutions. Multiple effect evaporators and vapor recompression systems improve efficiency by reusing latent heat. Maintenance is also important to minimize heat loss. Membrane filtration is an alternative concentration method that can be more energy efficient than steam evaporation. Overall, the primary way to increase steam economy is by reusing the latent heat of water vapor through techniques like multiple effects, thermal vapor recompression, and mechanical vapor recompression.

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    Evaporation - Energy Conservation

    Uploaded by

    Farha Firosh
    19 views26 pages
    Evaporation is widely used to concentrate aqueous solutions. Multiple effect evaporators and vapor recompression systems improve efficiency by reusing latent heat. Maintenance is also important to minimize heat loss. Membrane filtration is an alternative concentration method that can be more energy efficient than steam evaporation. Overall, the primary way to increase steam economy is by reusing the latent heat of water vapor through techniques like multiple effects, thermal vapor recompression, and mechanical vapor recompression.

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    Evaporation - Energy conservation

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    Evaporation is widely used to concentrate aqueous solutions. Multiple effect evaporators and vapor recompression systems improve efficiency by reusing latent heat. Maintenance is also important to minimize heat loss. Membrane filtration is an alternative concentration method that can be more energy efficient than steam evaporation. Overall, the primary way to increase steam economy is by reusing the latent heat of water vapor through techniques like multiple effects, thermal vapor recompression, and mechanical vapor recompression.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    19 views26 pages

    Evaporation - Energy Conservation

    Uploaded by

    Farha Firosh
    Evaporation is widely used to concentrate aqueous solutions. Multiple effect evaporators and vapor recompression systems improve efficiency by reusing latent heat. Maintenance is also important to minimize heat loss. Membrane filtration is an alternative concentration method that can be more energy efficient than steam evaporation. Overall, the primary way to increase steam economy is by reusing the latent heat of water vapor through techniques like multiple effects, thermal vapor recompression, and mechanical vapor recompression.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 26

    IMPROVING

    EFFICIENCY AND
    ENERGY
    CONSERVATION
    IN EVAPORATION Farha Firosh
    19-BDM-22
    EVAPORATION
    • A widely used method for the concentration of aqueous solutions

    • It involves the removal of water from a solution by boiling the


    liquor in a suitable vessel, an evaporator, and withdrawing the
    vapour

    • If the solution contains dissolved solids, the resulting strong liquor


    may become saturated to that crystals are deposited
    FACTORS AFFECTING
    EVAPORATION
    01 02
    TEMPERATURE VAPOUR PRESSURE

    03 04
    SURFACE AREA DENSITY
    05 06
    TYPE OF PRODUCT AGITATION

    07 08
    TIME OF ECONOMIC
    EVAPORATION FACTORS
    09
    MOISTURE CONTENT
    ENERGY
    EFFICIENCY
    MEASURES
    FOR EVAPORATION
    Some of the methods applied for increasing the
    efficiency and minimizing the energy consumption
    of the evaporation plants include

    MULTIPLE EFFECT
    ARRANGEMENT

    USAGE OF WASTE MEMBRANE


    ENERGY FILTRATION

    THERMAL
    MECHANICAL VAPOUR
    VAPOUR
    RECOMPRESSION
    RECOMPRESSION
    01
    MAINTENANC
    E
    Common sources of inefficiency and
    heat loss in evaporators include
    • Excessive venting
    • Radiation and convective losses
    • Poor vacuum system performance
    • Air and water leakage
    • Fouling
    • Poor separator efficiency

    An ongoing maintenance program for evaporators


    can help minimize and avoid many of these sources
    of energy loss
    In general, a solid maintenance program should include the
    following
    • Inspection and prevention of air leaks into evaporators to
    minimize venting rates (air is non condensable and thus must
    be vented from the system)
    • Cleaning of heat transfer surfaces to allow efficient transfer of
    energy
    • Inspection and replacement of wet, damaged, or decayed
    insulation
    • Cleaning of vapor separation vessels to maintain
    product yields and pressure profiles
    • Inspection and prevention of water leaks into
    the system to avoid diluting the product streams
    • Maintaining the optimum pressure profile in the
    evaporator per the manufacturer’s specifications
    (excess pressure inhibits evaporation by raising
    the boiling point)
    MULTIPLE

    02 EFFECT
    EVAPORATOR
    S
    • In multiple effect evaporators, the hot vapor
    that boils out of the liquid in one evaporator
    (effect) is used as the heating medium in
    another effect, which is operated at a lower
    pressure
    • By using multiple effects, the amount of water
    evaporated per pound of steam supplied to the
    evaporator system can be increased
    • The first effect has the
    highest boiling
    temperature, while the
    last effect has the
    lowest
    • Each successive effect
    uses the vapor from the
    previous effect as a
    heat source
    • There is practical limit to the number of effects
    that can be used for any given product
    application
    • In practice, up to five effects might be feasible
    for evaporator systems used in dairy processing
    • For whey production, a good rule of thumb is
    that each additional effect increases investment
    cost by 15% and decreases steam consumption
    by 25%
    VAPOR
    RECOMPRESSION
    03
    Energy efficiencies higher than that of multiple
    effect evaporator systems can be realized using
    Vapor recompression systems, in which the vapors
    exiting the evaporator are compressed and
    reintroduced into the evaporator as a heating
    medium

    There are two types of vapor


    recompression systems available
    • Thermal Vapor Recompression
    (TVR) systems
    • Mechanical Vapor Recompression
    (MVR) systems
    THERMAL VAPOR
    RECOMPRESSION
    • The vapors exiting the evaporator are compressed in a steam
    ejector using high pressure steam (0.8-2.1 MPa)
    • The mixture is reintroduced into the same evaporator unit as a
    heating medium
    • Part of the vapors exiting the evaporator must be removed in
    order to maintain the proper mass balance of steam entering
    the evaporator unit
    A Thermo compressor
    raises the saturation
    temperature of the
    vapor exiting an effect
    to be reused to heat the
    next effect
    MECHANICAL VAPOR
    RECOMPRESSION
    • The vapors exiting the evaporator are compressed
    mechanically typically using centrifugal compressors or
    turbo fans
    • Then reintroduced into the evaporator unit as a heating
    medium
    • A small amount of heating steam is added to the
    system to make up the condensate formed during
    compression of water vapors
    MVR improves steam
    economy by compressing low
    pressure steam exiting the
    evaporator and recycling it as
    the heat source
    • Because of compression limitations and
    the high costs of evaporation under
    vacuum, vapor recompression units are
    mainly applicable where the product is
    not too concentrated and can be boiled
    under atmospheric or moderate vacuum
    conditions
    • TVR systems are most economical when
    high-pressure steam is available at low
    cost, while MVR systems are most
    economical when electricity is available at
    low cost
    STEAM ECONOMY
    TYPE OF EVAPORATOR
    (Kg Water/Kg Steam)
    Single Effect 0.90-0.98
    Double Effect 1.7-2.0
    Triple Effect 2.4-2.8
    Six Effect 4.6-4.9
    Triple Effect with TVR 4-8
    Single Effect MVR 10-30
    CONCENTRATION USING
    MEMBRANE FILTRATION

    04
    • It is a more energy efficient option
    for moisture removal than
    traditional steam based evaporation
    methods
    • Membrane filtration systems have
    been successfully applied to the
    concentration of dairy products
    • Most common types of membrane
    filtration systems used in the dairy
    processing industry are Reverse
    Osmosis and Ultra Filtration systems
    CONCLUSION
    • The primary means of increasing the steam economy of an evaporator is to
    reuse the latent heat of the water vapor

    • A multiple-effect evaporator uses the water vapor from one effect as the
    heating medium for the next effect, which operates at a lower boiling point

    • The latent heat in water vapor can also be reused by thermally or mechanically
    compressing the vapor to a higher pressure and temperature

    • These methods of improving efficiency have their limits, however, which are
    specific to the physical properties of the liquid feed being evaporated
    THANK
    YOU

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