Personality

PERSONALITY AND DYNAMICS
This unit includes a brief description

of personality and the dynamics of
adjusting and coping with
frustration, conflict and stress.
Rationale
It is important for everyone to
have knowledge of personality
and its dynamics so that he/she
becomes fully aware of both
effective and ineffective ways of
coping with problems and
complexities of life.
Origin of Personality
The origin of the word “personality” is the
Latin word “persona,” which referred to
the masks those actors wore in the
ancient Greek plays
The actors would change “masks” to let

the audience know a different role was
being assumed.
What is Personality?
According to Gordon Allport, personality is
the characteristic patterns of behavior and
modes of thinking that determines a person’s
adjustment to the environment.
But in another way, personality may be

regarded as the person’s unique and
enduring behavior patterns. There is an
implication of a core of consistency
regardless of the situation the person finds
himself or herself in.
What happens when inadequate
techniques pose a threat to
adjustment?
This may lead to frustration, conflict,

and stress.
Frustration is an unpleasant emotion
that occurs when progress towards a
desired goal or wish is blocked. There
are two sources of frustration, the
external obstacles and the internal
obstacles.
Conflict is a major source of
frustration. It comes having to
decide between contradictory or
incompatible demands, wishes,
desires, and motives. The satisfaction
of one leads to the frustration of the
other.
Conflict may take into five forms:
1.Approach-Approach conflict. A conflict that
presents the individual a goal or situation
with two positive or desirable alternatives
2. Approach-Avoidance conflict. A conflict
that presents the individual with a goal or
situation having both a positive and
negative qualities
3. Avoidance-Avoidance conflict. A conflict
difficult to resolve which comes from
having to choose between two negative or
undesirable qualities
Forms of Conflict
4. Double Approach-Avoidance conflict.
A conflict involving two alternatives,
each one has positive and negative
qualities.
5. Ambivalence. A major characteristic of
the approach-avoidance conflict
involving mixed positive and negative
feelings in a conflict situation
DEFENSE MECHANISM
Freud used term defense mechanism to
refer to any technique used to deny,
distort or avoid sources of anxiety in order
to maintain an idealized self-image so that
we can live comfortably with ourselves
 Compensation. Counteracting a real or
imagined weakness by emphasizing desirable
traits or by seeking to excel in other areas.
 Denial. Protecting oneself from an unpleasant
reality by refusing to perceive it.
 Fantasy. Fulfilling frustrated desires in
imaginary achievements or activities.
 Intellectualization. Separating emotion from
the hurtful, threatening situations by talking
and thinking about it on formal “intellectual”
terms..
 Projection. Attributing one’s feelings,
shortcomings, or unacceptable impulses to
others.
 Rationalization. Justifying one’s behavior by
giving reasonable and “rational” but false reasons
for it.
 Reaction Formation. Preventing dangerous
impulses from being expressed by exaggerating
opposite behavior.
 Regression. Retreating to an earlier level of
development or to an earlier less demanding
habit or situations.
 Repression. Preventing painful or dangerous
thoughts from entering consciousness.
Repression is a form of motivated forgetting.
 Sublimation. Working off frustrated desires or
unacceptable impulses in activities that are
constructive and acceptable by society.
The Filipino Personality
Filipino psychologists have felt the
need to re-examine several theories
(and their applications) that were
proposed as though they were
universally applicable. A
development that has caught fire
among many circles is that of
INDIGENIZATION
Two Types of Indigenization
by Dr. Virgilio Enriquez
indigenization from within

and
indigenization from
without
While indigenization processes
are aimed at making
psychological concepts,
theories and methods more
cultural meaningful, the
process of indigenization from
within is superior to that from
without.
Cultural Values of Filipinos
• As Filipinos we are endowed with many
level of strength of character, which
when carried to the extremes, can also
be limitations to our growth as a people
and as a nation
• But is important for us to know the
definite advantage of familiarity to the
strengths and weaknesses of our own
cultural values
List of cultural values of Filipinos:
• Love of family
• Comprade or padrino system
• Pakikisama
• SIR or Smooth Interpersonal
relationship
• Tend to avoid conflict, find it difficult to
confront or face anyone they disagree,
to the extent of denying the differences
or conflict is existing
• Find it difficult to assert themselves or present
complaints, grievances, or pains, especially to
superiors or with people of authority
• Respect for elders, to the point of

unquestioning obedience to authority (self-
expression is not as important or secondary to
respect, patient and enduring). No wonder
Filipinos can be easily oppressed and take
advantage at
• Filipinos are general reserved or shy
• Find it difficult to be frank and to accept
frankness from others but tolerate bluntness
from foreigners because they are outside of our
social system. We are offended and intimidated
by the directness from fellow Filipinos
• We are comfortable with involving ourselves
with long prefaces before getting on to the
main point
• We are masters of perceptive at “reading
between the lines”
Feedbacking
“Hot seat”- bombarding individuals with
negative perceptions about themselves
The confrontational approach can

devastate sensitive Filipinos by closing
their mind by becoming passive and
cynical
Feedbacking
Filipinos are more open to criticism if
positive aspects of their behavior are point
out first, follow this with a negative aspect
and caps the feed back by pointing out the
second positive
This approach is called the “sandwich

approach”
Feedbacking
Another approach is the “Love seat” approach
Love seat is a structural exercise in which the

individual’s positive characteristics are
enumerated
This practice of affirming the strength of

individuals is essential for human development,
particularly in the Philippine context
Final Quiz
 Memory, July 14, Wednesday
 Emotion, July 14, Wednesday
 Personality, July 16, Friday

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PERSONALITY AND DYNAMICS

This unit includes a brief description

The actors would change “masks” to let

But in another way, personality may be

This may lead to frustration, conflict,

indigenization from within

• Respect for elders, to the point of

The confrontational approach can

This approach is called the “sandwich

Love seat is a structural exercise in which the

This practice of affirming the strength of

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