The Foundation of Speaking

The Foundation of
Public Speaking
Speaking IV
The Power of Public Speaking

Being a skillful and charming speaker can be very
expensive
Top-ranked stars of the lecture circuit
Colin Powel  Oprah Winfrey
$50,000
Barbara Walters Larry King
President Soekarno
Critical thinking skills

Critical thinking refers to the way one manages and
organizes his logic.
• Constructing and advancing arguments,

• Making inferences, disentangling facts from opinions,
• Evaluating and weighing the quality and the
soundness of arguments,
• Identifying fake arguments or fallacies
Speaking to Develop Self-Confidence

STAGE FRIGHT
Franklin Delano Roosevelt,

“We have nothing to fear but fear itself,”
A survey done by Daniel Goleman (the

New York Times, December 18, 1984) the
greatest fear is speaking before a group
10 reasons that might be the best excuses
to escape from public speaking:

1. I don't have anything to say.
2. I'll make a fool of myself in front of (a) friends, (b) family,
(c) community members, (d) business associates.
3. I have laryngitis.
4. I didn't have time to write a speech.
5. I'm embarrassed about how I might look to others.
6. I just moved here, and no one will understand my accent.
7. I'm too nervous. I'll drop dead from fear.
8. I just had a root canal, and my lips are numb.
9. I will forget what I have to say.
10. My killer cat ate my speech.
Nervousness is Normal

Your nervousness is only a sign from your body as you
encounter a stressful situation.
Dealing with Nervousness

 Acquire Speaking Experience
 Have a Good Preparation
 Think Positively
 Use the Power of Visualization
 Know that Most Nervousness Is Not Visible
 Don’t Expect Perfection
Some tips to smoothen your way when
speaking before public or before your
friends in your speech class:

1. Have enough sleep and rest before your big day.
2. As you are waiting your turn to deliver your
speech, have some relaxation; quietly stretch your
leg to help you reduce your tension.
3. Take some time to take a deep breath as you
look at your audience before starting to speak.
Speak slowly and eventually increase your
speaking speed when you have successfully
controlled your performance.
4. Give an extra attention to your introduction. The
first impression is important to get your audience's
attention, trust, and respect.

5. Manage a good eye contact with your audience.
Remember that a presentation is all about building a
good communication. When you have done so, your
way to gain a triumph public speaking is widely
opened.
6. Prepare and use visual aids since they will help your
presentation so much. Not only can they make your
presentation much more interesting and alive, but
they can also draw your audience's attention away
from you and make you feel less self-conscious.
SPEECH PREPARATION:
GETTING STARTED

Choosing a Topic
There are two common categories of potential topics

from which you can rely on:
(1) subjects you know a lot about, and
(2) Subjects you want to know more about.
Determining the General Purpose

The three major kinds of general purposes:
 to inform,
 to persuade, and
 to entertain.
When your general purpose is to inform, you act as

an expert, teacher, or lecturer.
When your purpose is to persuade, you play a role as

an advocate who wants to change the attitudes,
behavior, beliefs, or actions of your audience.
When your general purpose is to entertain, you do

not intend to convey something substantial. Your
main goal is to deliver some message on special
occasions, for example, a wedding speech, a
graduation speech, an award speech, etc.
Determining the Specific Purpose

Below are the examples of diverse specific topics of your interest:
 To inform my audience of the major steps in managing their
finance.
 To persuade my audience that the policy of the
Indonesian government on a nine-year compulsory
education program provides many important benefits to
Indonesian citizens.
 To inform my audience about the History of Valentine
Celebration in Europe.
 To persuade my audience that developing a reading habit
should be started as early as possible.

Here are some more practical tips you can use as your
guideline in formulating your specific purpose:
1. Write the purpose statement as a full infinitive phrase,
not as a fragment.
2. Express your purpose as a statement, not as a question.
3. Avoid using figurative language in your purpose
statement.
4. Make sure your specific purpose is not too vague.
Phrasing the Central Idea

The central idea is a sentence statement that sums up the
major ideas of a speech.
The central idea is a declarative sentence that refines and

sharpens the specific purpose statement.
Phrasing the Central Idea

1. Topic : School Tuition Fee (Education)
General Purpose : To persuade
Specific Purpose : To persuade my audience that the
Indonesian government must subsidize
the school tuition fee for the sake of
equal distribution of education in all over
regions in Indonesia.
Central Idea : ……………………..?

The central idea should be in a full sentence, should not
be in the form of a question, should avoid figurative
language, and should not be vague or too general.

THANKS ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,

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The Foundation of Speaking

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The Foundation of

Colin Powel  Oprah Winfrey

• Constructing and advancing arguments,

Franklin Delano Roosevelt,

A survey done by Daniel Goleman (the

There are two common categories of potential topics

When your purpose is to persuade, you play a role as

When your general purpose is to entertain, you do

The central idea is a declarative sentence that refines and

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