BAMBOO

Submitted by:
Shashi
M.Des.(ID)
2215981510
Introduction:
 There are over 1000 species of bamboo. It is a type of grass and
grows from it’s roots.

 When it is cut, it quickly grows back with most species maturing in

3-5 years.

This amazing plant grows in both tropical and temperate

environments and is very hardy, not needing pesticides or herbicides
to grow well.

 Bamboos are distributed in tropical and subtropical to mild

temperate regions, with the heaviest concentration and largest
number of species in East and Southeast Asia and on islands of the
Indian and Pacific oceans.

 Bamboos are typically fast-growing perennials, with some species

growing as much as 30 cm (1 foot) per day.
STRUCTURE OF BAMBOO
 STRUCTURE OF BAMBOO
 The woody ringed stems, known as culms, are
typically hollow between the rings (nodes) and grow in branching
clusters from a thick rhizome (underground stem).

 Bamboo culms can attain heights ranging from 10 to 15 cm (about

4 to 6 inches) in the smallest species to more than 40 metres (about
130 feet) in the largest.

While the narrow leaves on young culms usually arise directly from
the stem rings, mature culms often sprout horizontal leaf-bearing
branches. Most bamboos flower and produce seeds only after 12–
120 years’ growth, and then only once in their lifetime; reproduction
is largely vegetative.

Some species spread aggressively and can form a dense

undergrowth that excludes other plants.
Properties:

 Bamboo fiber is a cellulosic fiber that is regenerated from bamboo plant. It is a great prospective green
fiber with outstanding biodegradable textile material, having strength comparable to conventional glass
fibers.
 Bamboo used for fiber preparation is usually 3–4 years old.
 Fiber is produced through alkaline hydrolysis and multi-phase bleaching of bamboo stems and leaves
followed by chemical treatment of starchy pulp generated during the process.
 Bamboo fiber has various micro-gaps, which make it softer than cotton and increase its moisture
absorption.
 They are elastic, environment-friendly, and biodegradable.
 The fiber is bacteriostatic, antifungal, antibacterial, hypoallergenic, hydroscopic, natural deodorizer,
and resistant against ultraviolet light.
 Furthermore, it is highly durable, stable and tough and has substantial tensile strength.
 Uses of Bamboo
 Due to its versatile properties,
bamboo fibers are used mainly
in textile industry for making
attires, towels, and bathrobes.
 Due to its antibacterial nature,
it is used for making bandages,
masks, nurse wears, and
sanitary napkins.
 UV-proof, antibiotic and
bacteriostatic curtains,
television covers, and
wallpapers and many other
things are also prepared from
bamboo fibers to lessen the
effects of bacteria and harm of
ultra violet radiations on
human skin.
 Bamboo fibers are also used for
decoration purpose.
Bending of Bamboo
Bamboo is a widely grown,
renewable resource. It is
used in crafts, furniture
making, and even as a
building material. When
bamboo is freshly cut and
green, it is very pliable, and
can be shaped and
manipulated for various
uses.
 Bending Bamboo Using Water

• Place bamboo poles in the tub and allow them to soak overnight.
• As with wood, bamboo requires moisture to bend. The moisture softens the lining and
hemicellulose in the bamboo cells and allows them to flex.
• Without heat and moisture, these molecules crystallize making them virtually immovable.
• Depending on the size and thickness of the bamboo, soaking time may be longer.
• Pull the bamboo out of the water and slowly bend the bamboo, attempting to coax it into the
shape one need.
• If one hear a crackling sound, the bamboo has not been soaked long enough, and needs to be
placed back in the water.
• Take a large sheet of paper and sketch out the shape one want bamboo to take. Place this paper
on top of large piece of plywood.
• Using the sketch as guide,
hammer nails into the plywood,
following the sketched shape.
Each nail should be
approximately an inch apart.
• Hammer in a second row of
nails. This row should run
parallel to the shape you just
nailed and the distance
between the two rows should
be slightly larger than the
diameter of the bamboo.
• Once bamboo has been
adequately soaked and is
pliable, remove it from the
water and place it on the
plywood between the nails.
• Allow the bamboo to dry 1-3
days.
• If the bamboo retains the
desired shape, it has finished
drying into shape.
 Bending Bamboo Using a Knife

• This method is frequently used by furniture makers

to either correct a crooked piece of bamboo, or for
creating a gentle curve or rounded edge.
• This technique can be used both on round bamboo
canes or split bamboo.
• Make a V-shaped cut right beneath one of the
bamboo nodes.
• A node is one of the joints in the bamboo pole that
looks like a knee and divides the cane into segments.
• Make the cut narrow if the bend you desire is slight.
• Make your cut wider if the bend you need is more
dramatic.
• The cut can be as deep as two-thirds the diameter of
the pole.
• Cuts can be shallower for less dramatic bends
• Cutting near a node makes this alteration less visible.
• Secure it either by lashing it, or using an adhesive to
set the bamboo in place.
 Bending Bamboo Using Heat

• This method is more advanced than the others. It is used primarily by seasoned craftsmen who use the
bamboo to make furniture and very complex handicrafts.
• Use a piece of rebar (a steel bar commonly used as a tension device to reinforce concrete) to break the
bamboo's internal nodes.
• This is done by shoving the rebar in and out of the bamboo pole on one end, then the other. One should
end up with a hollow tube.
• Vapor builds up during the application of heat to the bamboo pole. In order to let the vapor escape, it is
recommended that one drill a few holes at the nodes.
• Take the torch and begin applying heat to the pole with the flame, continually moving from the widest part
of the bamboo, to the thinnest.
• The heat should be above boiling temperature. This achieves two things: The heat coloring of the bamboo.
Application of the heat acts as a stain on the bamboo and gives it a warm, coffee color.
• The lignin and pectin in the bamboo becomes soft and pliable allowing one to more easily mold the
bamboo.
• Using a wet rag, sweep down the bamboo pole, wiping
moisture over surface. Test the flexibility of the bamboo by
bending the pole slightly. It should give fairly easily.
• Hit the bamboo with the side of hand or the side of the small
shovel to move the sand all the way to the bottom of the pole.
The sand stabilizes the bamboo so the walls do not buckle
when one bend it.
• Dig a hole in firm earth that is 6"-8" deep and slightly larger
than the circumference of the pole. Holding it firmly for
leverage, you are now ready to shape the pole.
• Begin by torching the pole again. Concentrate on the area one
wish to bend, and keep the flame moving.
• Periodically wipe the pole with a wet rag.
• The water prevents the bamboo from drying out and
becoming brittle. Dried bamboo can break or split easily.
• As one work the pole with the torch, begin to bend the
bamboo pole into the desired shape.
• Repeat torching, bending, and dampening until one finesse the
bamboo into the desired shape. This may take time. It is at this
point that bamboo often splits, due to all of the stress it is
under. The more time you take shaping the bamboo gradually,
the less chance you have of splitting your pole.
• These larger poles are used primarily for furniture, but can
also be made into a variety of crafts.
Bamboo joints
 Basic Principles and Techniques

 Do not use green, fresh cut bamboo. Bamboo has to be completely dry before using it in construction
(preferable air dried).
 During the drying process the bamboo diameter shrinks, so when bamboo is used in joinery this will result
in lose and weak joints after a few weeks.
 Do not use bamboo when it is less then 3 years of age. Only use mature bamboo of 4-6 years.
 Do not use bamboo infected by insects (powder beetle for example).
 Bamboo has to be properly cured with a boron mix immediately after harvesting.
 Do not use bamboo that has flourished. Rest assured bamboo only flourishes once in a lifetime (60-120
years).
 Do not use bamboo poles with profound vertical cracks.
 Use appropriate cuts and joints when building with bamboo.
 Use bamboo with the right diameter and wall thickness for the project.
 Do not use conventional wood nails in bamboo joinery, they will cause the bamboo to split. Instead use
nylon, steel or vegetal cord of the appropriate diameter.
 When using bamboo as a column make sure that the lower part connecting with the surface ends with a
node. If not the bamboo will splinter when struck (for example to position the column).
 When connecting bamboo poles with bolts, make sure to bolt them together in between 2 nodes,
otherwise the bamboo may crush.
• In construction,
using bamboo nodes
Bamboo Nodes
is very important.
• Bamboo columns or
beams need to have
a node at both
ends (or as close as
possible towards the
ends), if not the
pressure of a
structure on the joint
may crush the
bamboo.
• Often it isn't possible
to find bamboo of
the required length
with both end nodes
in place.
• When this occurs
one should insert
a wooden
cylinder of the
appropriate
diameter or a fitting
piece of bamboo
with a node.
 Tools
 Making basic cuts in bamboo doesn't
require expensive or heavy power
tools, just a few traditional hand
tools will work fine.
 Bamboo Joinery Techniques

 Making good and aesthetically pleasing bamboo joints

is rather complicated because bamboo is hollow,
tapered, has nodes at varying distances, and it is not
perfectly circular. It is important to keep all these
constraints in mind when designing a bamboo joint.
 Although traditions, local practices and publications give
some information on bamboo joinery, this information
is far from complete as essential data is missing in most
cases.
 Many traditional joinery techniques suffer
from weakness or deformation, where the strength of
the bamboo culm itself is lost.
 Before bamboo gets widely adopted in modern
architecture (and becomes affordable for all to use), the
problem with bamboo joints and universal joining
systems has to be solved.
 After all, timber, steel, and more recently prefabricated
concrete, only became proper building materials for the
same reasons.
 Only if the problem with bamboo joinery can be
satisfactorily addressed, and simplified, we can expect
to see much more bamboo in Western buildings,
bridges furniture.
 Joint with one or two ears: Is used to join bamboo rafters, logs or
lumber.
 Fish mouth joint

 Flap joint: Is used when there is no lashing wire available. The flap
can be secured with bamboo strips.
 Use of dowels and anchors in bamboo joinery

 Joining bamboo with dowels and

lashing: The peg should be placed in the  Fish mouth joint with pegs.
column parallel to the rafter.
 Bamboo joint with wooden anchor: Is also used inverted.

 Bamboo joint with metal anchor: This technique Is used in various positions.
THANKYOU