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    Ccna2 2

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    Alok Sharma
    This document is from a CCNA course and introduces some concepts about Wide Area Networks (WANs). It discusses different WAN technologies like Frame Relay, HDLC, PPP, and ISDN that connect remote networks over distances. These technologies operate at different layers of the OSI model. The document also introduces the role of WAN authorities and the use of routers, modems, and other devices to connect to services provided by telephone companies to access WANs. More details on many of these topics will be covered in later CCNA and CCNP courses.

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    © All Rights Reserved

    Ccna2 2

    Uploaded by

    Alok Sharma
    22 views31 pages
    This document is from a CCNA course and introduces some concepts about Wide Area Networks (WANs). It discusses different WAN technologies like Frame Relay, HDLC, PPP, and ISDN that connect remote networks over distances. These technologies operate at different layers of the OSI model. The document also introduces the role of WAN authorities and the use of routers, modems, and other devices to connect to services provided by telephone companies to access WANs. More details on many of these topics will be covered in later CCNA and CCNP courses.

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    This document is from a CCNA course and introduces some concepts about Wide Area Networks (WANs). It discusses different WAN technologies like Frame Relay, HDLC, PPP, and ISDN that connect remote networks over distances. These technologies operate at different layers of the OSI model. The document also introduces the role of WAN authorities and the use of routers, modems, and other devices to connect to services provided by telephone companies to access WANs. More details on many of these topics will be covered in later CCNA and CCNP courses.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    22 views31 pages

    Ccna2 2

    Uploaded by

    Alok Sharma
    This document is from a CCNA course and introduces some concepts about Wide Area Networks (WANs). It discusses different WAN technologies like Frame Relay, HDLC, PPP, and ISDN that connect remote networks over distances. These technologies operate at different layers of the OSI model. The document also introduces the role of WAN authorities and the use of routers, modems, and other devices to connect to services provided by telephone companies to access WANs. More details on many of these topics will be covered in later CCNA and CCNP courses.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    of 31

    Cabrillo College

    Chapter 2 – WANs (Wide Area Networks)


    CCNA Semester 2
    Rick Graziani, Instructor
    Jan. 22, 2002
    About this chapter
     The chapter is meant as only a brief introduction to
    some of the concepts and terminology of Wide Area
    Networks (WANs).
     CCNA Semester 4 will introduce you a little more to
    WANs.
     CCNP Semester 6, Remote Access Networks, will
    give you a much more thorough knowledge of WANs.
     Other suggested courses:
    – Data Communications – CIS 180
    – Telecommunications
    – Specific technology courses, I.e. ATM, Frame
    Relay, etc.
     Do not expect to know or understand many of the
    topics in this chapter, after this presentation, as this is
    only an introduction to the terminology and concepts.
    This chart shows
    a technology
    (name) and the
    distances, and
    areas it may
    apply to.
    WANs – Wide Area Networks

    Discussed further in CCNA Semester 4 and CCNP Semester


    6
    WAN Technologies

    Application Layer
    Presentation Layer
    Session Layer TCP/IP, IPX, AppleTalk
    Transport Layer
    Network Layer
    Data Link Layer WAN technologies
    Physical Layer

    Discussed further later this semester and in CCNA Semester 4


    WAN Technology Overview

    Discussed further in CCNA Semester 4 and CCNP Semester


    6
    WAN Authorities

     (ITU-T), formerly the (CCITT)


     (ISO) International Organization for
    Standardization
     (IETF) Internet Engineering Task Force
     (EIA) Electronic Industries Association

    Discussed further in Data Communications and


    Telecommunication courses.
    WANs at the Physical Layer

    Discussed further in CCNA Semester 4 and CCNP Semester


    6
    WAN at Layer 1
    WAN physical layer protocols
    describe how to provide
    connections:
    – electrical
    – mechanical
    – operational
    – functional

    Discussed further in CCNP Semester 6 and Data


    Communications
    WANs at the Data-Link Layer

    • HDLC – High-Level Data Link Control


    • Frame Relay – Simplified version of HDLC framing
    • PPP – Point-to-Point Protocol
    • ISDN – Integrated Service Digital Network

    Discussed further in CCNA Semester 4 and CCNP Semester


    6
    HDLC
    High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC)
    – HDLC implementations are proprietary
    – Cisco serial interfaces default to HDLC
    – Used when connecting one router
    directly to another (point-to-point)
    – HDLC is the default encapsulation in the
    LMC lab.

    Discussed further in CCNA Semester 4 and CCNP Semester 5 & 6


    Frame Relay
    Frame Relay
    – descendant of X.25
    – simplified frame (no error correction)
    – relies on today’s superior data links
    – very fast
    – cheap, can pay for what you use
    – dedicated line not required
    – one physical link can handle multiple logical links

    Discussed further in CCNA Semester 4 and CCNP Semester


    6
    Point-to-Point Protocol
    Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
    – descendant of SLIP
    – open standard (RFC 1661)
    – unlike SLIP, allows multiple layer 3 protocols
    – allows authentication (PAP, CHAP)
    – used in point-to-point dedicated connections
    – used by dial-up POTS users

    Discussed further in CCNA Semester 4 and CCNP Semester


    6
    ISDN
    Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
    – the digitizing of the phone network
    – designed to transmit voice, data, video over
    existing phone lines
    – used primarily for remote access via modems
    – not very fast (especially BRI - 128 Kbps)
    – may disappear with the emergence of cable
    modems and DSL

    Discussed further in CCNA Semester 4 and CCNP Semester


    6
    The WAN interface
    Your Ethernet LAN connects to your router.
    But what does you router connect to?

    802.3 LAN ? WAN

    Cat5 UTP

    Discussed further this semester and in CCNA Semester 4


    and CCNP Semester 6
    Regional Bells Provide Media

    SF PACBELL
    NY
    Regional Bells usually provide the media for
    Wide-Area Network connectivity. However,
    some organizations own their own WAN links.

    Discussed further in Data Communications &


    Telecommunications
    WAN Technologies

    Discussed further in CCNA Semester 4 and CCNP Semester


    6
    WAN Technologies

    Discussed in Data Communications and future CCNP


    courses (DSL/cable).
    Routers Connected by WAN
    Technologies

    Discussed further in CCNA Semester 4 and CCNP Semester


    6
    Path Determination (Layer 3)

    Discussed further later this semester!


    Communicate Path

    Discussed further later this semester!


    View of the Internet
    Note: This diagram is not really as much of a “View of the Internet,” as
    much as the difference between an Interior Gateway Protocol (OSPF) and
    External Gateway Protocol (BGP). – This will be explained later.

    Discussed further this semester and in CCNP Semester 5.


    WAN Technology Options

    Discussed further in Data Communications, CCNA Semester


    4 and CCNP Semester 6
    The WAN interface
    How do routers connect to the phone companies
    lines?

    to phone company

    Discussed further in Data Communications, CCNA Semester


    4 and CCNP Semester 6
    Data Terminal Equipment
    Routers are usually considered DTEs. DTEs are
    devices at the end of a user’s network that serve as
    a data source, destination, or both.

    The router is a DTE, or


    Data Terminal Equipment

    Discussed further in Data Communications, CCNA Semester


    4 and CCNP Semester 6
    Data Terminal Equipment
    Your home computer can also be a DTE.
    How do you connect to the phone company’s network at home?

    modem

    to phone company

    Discussed further in Data Communications, CCNA Semester


    4 and CCNP Semester 6
    DTEs and DCEs
     At home, you connect to the phone company’s network
    using a modem.
     A modem is a DCE, or Data Circuit-Termination Equipment.
    It’s the device at the end of the service provider’s network
    (phone company).
     A DTE interfaces with a DCE to gain access to the phone
    company’s network.
    DTE

    to phone company

    DCE
    Discussed further in Data Communications, CCNA Semester
    4 and CCNP Semester 6
    DTEs and DCEs
     A DTE interfaces with a DCE to gain access to the phone company’s
    network.
     The phone company uses a different signaling method than a
    router’s serial interface.
     A router can connect to a phone company line through a
    CSU/DSU, or a modem (depending on the kind of service).

    Customer’s Provider’s
    Network DTE DCE Network

    PC Modem
    Router CSU/DSU
    Discussed further in Data Communications, CCNA Semester
    4 and CCNP Semester 6
    Cabrillo College

    Chapter 2 – WANs (Wide Area Networks)


    CCNA Semester 2
    Rick Graziani, Instructor

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