ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN – VIII ( RAR – 901)

MODULE 1- INTRODUCTION
CAMPUS DESIGN & PLANNING

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 CAMPUS DESIGN & PLANNING
A well designed campus environment contributes significantly to the learning,
working and social experiences for users and visitors. It’s about designing a space
that is warm and home-like and that puts students at ease so they have the best
chance at success.
The university, as an
institution and as a
space, is complex. A
middle scale outside the
comfort zone of an
architect, the campus
bridges between the
architectural and the
urban scale and this is a
very challenging yet
interesting design project

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 CAMPUS DESIGN & PLANNING
There has been an emphasis on a more
humane and socially responsive approach in
which concepts like “association”, “identity”
and “communication” gained prominence
and concerns shifted to “un-programmed”
and “spontaneous” spaces which could grow
and change freely.

We have now replaced the notion of

building as a fixed, autonomous object
based on formal compositions with building
as a pattern that implied flexibility, open-
ended growth and a possibility to interact
with other systems.

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 CREATING A COMMUNITY

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 CREATING A COMMUNITY
The farther students moved away from
their families to attend school, the more
likely they were to drop out within the
first year because they lacked a sense of
community. When a university campus
design addresses these important
concerns, students not only feel happier
on campus, but they may also perform
better academically.
The same socially-centered university
campus design can also have a positive
impact on students who live off campus or
live at home and commute to class. When there are more areas for students to
connect with their peers or relax outside of class, these students are more likely to
stay on campus all day rather than go home between classes.

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 CREATING A COMMUNITY
We need to examine the effect of communal spaces associated with the learning
environments and social settings in a campus on students’ behaviour and wellbeing.
Students thrive better with a sense of community.
To address student needs, the architect
needs to work to make the following spaces
warmer, friendlier, and more supportive:
• Learning spaces
• Dining halls
• Libraries
• Outdoor spaces
• Sports Facilities
• Student housing
• cultural hubs
• Entertainment facilities
• Tranquil amenities

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 URBAN PLANNING STRATEGIES

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 URBAN PLANNING STRATEGIES
Designing a University campus is like planning a mini town. It is imperative to
imagine the project’s scale for an urban public realm and design on an axis. As one
of society’s most treasured assets, its planning also needs to be aligned with the
pace of facility investments and uncertain funding streams so that the design is
flexible and in tandem with future developments.
Campus planning is a complex procedure. A master plan ties together all campus
systems to create a strategy for approaching the physical, social, intellectual and
sustainability challenges with which the university must contend in the twenty-first
century. In general terms, three fundamental physical form-giving components tend
to constitute the basis of any plan:
• Buildings
• Landscape
• Circulation
These components overlap, coincide and work together to support the core mission
and values of the university.

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 Strategies for Campus Urban Planning
1. Orient and Mass Buildings to Strengthen Campus Legibility and Cohesion
The campus should be
pedestrian-friendly, designed
axially for clear legibility in
movement, vistas directing
the movement and giving a
sense of order and circulation.
Architectural form and
expression should reinforce
the programmatic activities as
well as emphasize the
hierarchy of buildings on
campus in order to contribute
to wayfinding by urban design
legibility.

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 2. Use Buildings to Define and Animate Outdoor Spaces

Entries and active ground floor interior spaces of buildings should be

located and designed to animate open spaces. Incorporate
substantial areas of glazing to provide “eyes on the street” and to
create a vibrant and lively pedestrian experience wherever possible.
Generous visual connections between indoors and outdoors provide
increased visibility and security and are to be employed wherever
possible.

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NING
 3. Enhance the Campus Entry Experience

A memorable campus arrival experience relies on strengthening the legibility of

peripheral portals. A visual expression of arrival into the distinctive academic campus
will be announced through the introduction of building forms and other architectural
and public realm features. These elements and features need be of sufficient scale to be
contextually distinctive while also contributing to a cohesive campus identity through
their form and expression. Thoughtful lighting strategies, entry signage and banners
should introduce a ceremonial expression and enhance the arrival experience

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NING
 4. Design Interiors to Contribute to Community Well-Being

Atrium spaces should be considered to maximize daylight in interior spaces, support

natural ventilation and support the strategy of creating identifiable spaces for mixing
and interaction. Arrange internal circulation within academic buildings around atriums
where feasible. Ensure circulation widths are widened to allow seating and study areas
looking into atrium spaces to create busy, multi-level activity zones. Locate common
areas cafeterias, lobbies, etc. to create visual and physical links from these atriums to
the outdoors to further enrich activity in these spaces.

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NING
 5. Design Framed Views and Vistas
Preserve special views out of the
Campus. Plan needs to be structured
around the principle of maximizing view
opportunities from many places on
campus in order to provide a strong
sense of place within the landscape.
The major view corridors should be
preserved and managed over time to
maintain views from encroachment of
structures, trees, parking lots, and
other elements that block or degrade
their intrinsic attractiveness. Two types
of views to be designed are
• Long Views
• Internal Framed Views

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NING
 Circulation Systems

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 CIRCULATION
The term circulation encompasses all the elements involved in the movement of
people, goods and services across campus, and the movement and storage of cars.
Essentially, therefore, campus circulation can be divided into three systems:

• Service vehicles
• Car movement and Parking
• Pedestrians & Cyclists

These three systems should be logically structured by the master plan. Circulation
issues addressed within the master plan should include:
• The degree to which foot and bicycle circulation is advocated and how much
vehicular transport is permitted.
• How close vehicles can come to core buildings and spaces.
• Creating a campus with a sense of safety.

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 Pedestrian & Vehicular Access
The well-planned environment should, in contrast, give precedence to the pedestrian
through the provision of spacious footpaths linking lecture theatres, libraries and
recreational facilities, and consigning vehicular roads to peripheral campus areas.

Vibrant pedestrian activity is what lends a sense of life and community to an

institution. Circulation ways should connect campus destinations hierarchically, so that
the largest volumes of pedestrian activity are routed along chief desire lines,
heightening potential for social interaction and the perceived sense of security
through mass pedestrian activity. The ideal master plan should
provide a carefully conceived
circulation and parking system in
combination with mixed-use
planning to moderate the demand
for car parking and vehicular
intersection with pedestrian paths.

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 Pedestrian & Vehicular Access
The campus circulation system is a key organizing element of any University. The system links
buildings and districts and complements the hierarchy of open spaces around which the
campus is organized. The circulation system should provide access for transit, service and
emergency vehicles, with increasing emphasis on comfort for pedestrians and cyclists. The
campus core needs to be pedestrian-oriented, with wide axial walks paralleling and crossing
a spine of plazas, complemented by narrower connecting walks to and from buildings.

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 University of California, Riverside Campus

Vehicular access to be restricted and designed to ensure that pedestrians and cyclists
have priority and relatively unimpeded movement
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 Indian Context
The fusion of heritage and modern

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 IIM AHMEDABAD – Example of a Modern Indian Campus

The search for a viable integration of the past and the future in campus design for India was
reflected in the Louis Kahn’s Indian Institute of Management (IIM), Ahmedabad (1962-74).
Along with integration of academic and living areas, expression of indigenous brick and
proposal of a water pond for evaporative cooling, note his creative fusion of Indian history with
progressive campus design. The special qualities and singular strength of character [of IIM]are
reminiscent of the monastery unit of the old Nalanda University, yet incorporating the very
latest ideas in university campus development.

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 PLACEMAKING

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 SPACES FOR INNOVATION

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 Identity and Monumentality

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 Landmarks & Icons

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 Landscape
Built Open Relationship

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 Resources
Books
1. Campus PlanningDober, Richard P.
2. Campus Design in India, Achyut Kanvinde & H.James Miller
3. University Planning and Architecture: The Search for Perfection, Jonathan Coulson,
Paul Roberts, Isabelle Taylor

Research Papers
4. CAMPUS PLANNING by Snehal Y. Damugade , Yuvraj N. Damugade & Tejas. B. Pingale

Websites
5. https
://hmcarchitects.com/news/the-architects-role-in-university-campus-design-2020-03-1
8
/
6. https://www.re-thinkingthefuture.com/rtf-fresh-perspectives/a1607-10-things-to-rem
ember-while-designing-a-university-campus
/

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