Chapter 6

Spatiotemporal data
and real-time GIS
Instructor
Chapter objectives

• Understand spatiotemporal data terminology

• Learn the concepts of IoT, sensor networks, smart cities, and other related frontiers
• Understand the advantages of stream layers
• Learn about ArcGIS Analytics for IoT capabilities
• Use ArcGIS Dashboards to monitor real-time data
• Create time-enabled web layers and apps to animate time-series data

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Data sources Desktop tools ArcGIS Online / ArcGIS Enterprise Client apps
CSV files layers
Feature layers Ready-to-use apps and
configurable templates
Shapefiles Raster tile layers
Web Configurable app
Configurable apptemplates
templates
KMLs Vector tile layers maps/ ArcGIS StoryMaps
File geodatabases Scene layers web
scenes Experience Builder/Web AppBuilder
Enterprise geodatabases ArcMap Map image layers Dashboards
ArcGIS Dashboards
Nonspatial data ArcGIS Pro Image layers ArcGIS Insights
Tools ArcGIS Feeds ArcGIS Collector, Survey123,
Photos/Imagery Drone2Map Stream layers
layers Explorer, QuickCapture, Tracker,
Navigator, and Workforce …
Raster function templates ArcGIS Custom web tools
ArcGIS AppStudio
Sensor and real-time data CityEngine Standard tools ArcGIS Earth
Big data GeoAnalytics tools/big ArcGIS Indoors viewer
data analytics
… ArcGIS VR 360
Real-time analytics
Real-time analytics
AuGeo
360 VR Experience
…
Geometry services
Custom apps
Living Atlas of the World
ArcGIS API for JavaScript
… ArcGIS Runtime SDKs
ArcGIS API for Python
… Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition
Spatiotemporal data and real-time GIS basics

Handles current and continuous data

Dynamic Discrete Stationary Change

Something that moves Something that Stands still but Change or growth
“just happens” values change

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Sensor networks and the Internet of Things

• Sensor networks
- Spatially distributed autonomous sensors that can
cooperatively pass their data through the network,
often wirelessly, for live data access and analysis

• Internet of Things
- The network of physical objects or "things" embedded
with sensors and network connectivity, which enable
these objects or "things" to collect and exchange data

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

IoT: A giant network of connected things and people
Challenging to ingest, process, and store the high-volume and high-velocity real-time data generated by the IoT

Smart city

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

IoT applications

• Enterprise applications
- Smart cities, infrastructure management, environment quality monitoring, smart retail-inventory
management, and precision agriculture

• Consumer applications
- Connected cars, connected health, and smart homes

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Smart cars and GIS

Needs to combine and process the

following data in real time:

• Sensor detected data

• Preloaded GIS data
• GIS data retrieved from the web

Image credit: metamorworks/shutterstock.com

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Smart home and smart office

Arm security

Close garage

Lower shades

Lights off

Control temperature

Power down

Use sensors and geofence for home automation

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition
Basic capabilities of ArcGIS Analytics for IoT and GeoEvent Server

Feeds Real-time processing Outputs Further visualization

and analysis

ArcGIS Dashboards

ArcGIS Insights
Stream
Filter and analyze layer Web AppBuilder
/Experience Builder

Other apps
SMS

3rd party Actuate devices

connectors (control lights, alarms
and air conditioner…)

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Real-time analytics

Inside

Outside

Geofence

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

ArcGIS Analytics for IoT
Real-time and big data capabilities for ArcGIS Online

IoT platforms

ArcGIS Online
Analytics for IoT
Map Feature Stream Real-Time Big Data
Feed
Layer Layer Layer Analytic Analytic

New Item Types

Sensors
Has built-in high availability and disaster recovery and is offered via subscription

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

ArcGIS Analytics for IoT website

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Deliver real-time data from servers to clients

Real-time data Map image layers, feature Repeated polls at a time interval
Client apps

REST
layers

Real-time data Push (after connected)

WebSocket
Stream layers Client apps

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Display real-time data in web maps and web apps

Poll

Push

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

ArcGIS Dashboards
An out-of-the-box web application focused on authoring and viewing dashboards

• Provides key insights to your data on a single screen

• Ready to use data visualizations
- Map, legend
- Serial chart, pie chart
- Indicator, gauge
- List, details
- Embedded content, rich text
• Various tools and interactivity options
- Tools that interact with the map (e.g., layer visibility, bookmarks, search)
- Dashboard elements configured to communicate with each other (e.g., cross filter)

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Dashboards bring data together Dashboards

• ArcGIS platform
- Real-time data
- Coordination of work across an organization
Sensor data, social media, GPS locations, etc.
-
+
- Other data
GIS Server
- GIS Server
- Online content and services
• Dashboards present the data in intuitive Field apps
Online content / services
and compelling ways

+
ArcGIS GeoEvent Server
ArcGIS Analytics for IoT

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

COVID-19 Dashboard
https://www.arcgis.com/apps/opsdashboard/index.html#/bda7594740fd40299423467b48e9ecf6

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

More examples
https://community.esri.com/community/gis/applications/arcgis-dashboards/blog/2019/03/01/operations-dashboard-for-arcgis-useful-links

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Tutorial demo: ArcGIS Dashboards
• Create a dashboard web app for the city of Redlands, California, to coordinate response efforts for the
city’s medical, crime, and fire departments

- 6.1 Create a web map with real-time layers

- 6.2 Create a dashboard app
- 6.3 Add actions and targets to your dashboard

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Animate spatiotemporal data

Recommended data format

location name shape timestamp value

xxx … 1/22/2020 1

xxx … 1/23/2020 4

xxx … 1/24/2020 12

• Shape: can be point, lines, or polygons.

• Date fields: can be one or two (for start and end)

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Workflow to animate spatiotemporal data

Publish to Add to Configure

Data Web layers Web maps Web apps

Enable time • Configure layer style • Time aware configurable app

• Configure playback settings • Web AppBuilder time widget

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Workflow to animate spatiotemporal data

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Tutorial demo: Animate spatiotemporal data
Create a web app to illustrate the spatial and temporal patterns of population change in major US cities
over the last two centuries

- 6.4 Create a time-enabled feature layer

- 6.5 Animate time-series data in web maps and web apps

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Summary

• Temporal data include observations of objects and events that move or change through time
• Real-time GIS refers to GIS that handles current and continuous data
• The fast development of IoT demands real-time GIS to locate and track “things”; store, manage,
search, display, and analyze the data; and make predictions
• ArcGIS Analytics for IoT and GeoEvent Server can connect numerous types of streaming data,
perform continuous data processing and analysis, and send updates and alerts when specified
conditions occur, all in real time
• ArcGIS supports both the poll and push ways to deliver real-time data
• ArcGIS Dashboard can display real-time data in maps, charts, lists, gauges, and indicators, which
update automatically as the underlying data change
Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition
Assignment 6.1: Create a dashboard app to monitor the 311 incidents reported

• Data: Search for “point incidents dashboard owner:esripress_gtkwebgis4” in ArcGIS Online

• Requirements:
- Your dashboard should include at least a map, a gauge, a list, a column chart, a header, and a category selector

- The category selector should at least filter the map, the gauge, and the list

• What to submit:
- The URL to your dashboard app

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition

Assignment 6.2: Create a web app to animate COVID-19 time-series data

• Data: Search for covid-19 csv chapter6 owner:esripress_gtkwebgis4 in ArcGIS Online

• Hints:
- Download the CSV data and examine the data format
- Publish the CSV file as a feature layer and enable its time
- Add this layer to the map viewer
- Style the layer to emphasize the spatial and temporal pattern
- Play back the data at a time interval of 1 day
- Save your web map and create a web app with time animation

• What to submit:
- The URL to your feature layer

- The URL to your web app

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition
Discussion

Getting to Know Web GIS, fourth edition