Jose Rizals Secret Mission

Observe keenly

of the European nations in order to prepare himself in the mighty task his oppressed people from Spanish tyranny entrusted him.

Rizal's First Trip Abroad

Used the passport of JOSE MERCADO, which was procured for him by his uncle Antonio Rivera (up to Singapore)

Spain Barcelona

Rizal's First Trip Abroad

What could have been Jose Rizals reaction upon experiencing things far beyond his expectations outside the country?

Rizal in Barcelona, Spain

Jesuits helped Jose by lending him money.

About after a month a letter from Paciano was received

stating the case of their father as well the constant reminder of being in abroad. After three months he travelled from Barcelona to Madrid

Rizal in Barcelona, Spain

First article he wrote abroad
Was published in the Diariong Tagalog (first Manila bilingual newspaper) edited by Basilio Teodoro

20 August 1882 Means Love of Country, this article urges his countrymen to love their motherland

Rizal in Madrid, Spain

2 September 1882

Rizal matriculated at the Universidad Central de Madrid. He took the following courses: Medicine, and Philosophy and Letters

Rizal in Madrid, Spain

Circulo Hispano-Filipino Formal organization composed of Filipino students and some Spaniards who were former residents of the country Issues in the organization:

Misplaced individualism was the problem

Through the organization: Press Freedom Rizal met Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo

whom he identified having similarities

Rizal in Madrid, Spain

2 November 1882 He wrote the article "Revista de Madrid" which was in intended for publication in the Diarong Tagalog in Manila, but was not published because the newspaper stops its circulation.
7 November 1882 Rizal wrote an article entitled "Las Dudas". The article was signed Laong - Laan.

Rizal in Madrid, Spain

From the observations he had in Spain he had noticed;

Rizal saw that this attitude must be seriously challenged

before anyone in Madrid would be persuaded for Philippine Reform.

Rizal in Paris, France

18 June 1883

He visited the Leannec Hospital to observe how Dr. Nicaise treated his patients. He was stunned to see the advanced facilities in the accommodation in the said hospital.
19 June 1883

He again visited Dr. Nicaise who showed the technique of operation. Later he went to see dupytren Museum.
20 June 1883

Rizal visited the Lariboisiere Hospital where Felix Pardo de Tavera was an extern. Here he observed the examination of the different diseases of women.

Rizal Back in Madrid

28 September 1883 He enrolled at the central Universidad de Madrid for the second course in medicine. 1 January 1884 Rizal proposed to the member of the Circulo assembled in the house of the Pateros, the publication of a book by association. This idea became the embryo of this first novel Noli Me Tangere .

Rizal Back in Madrid

21 June 1884

He finished the degree of Licentiate in Medicine with the grade of aprobado and a mass distinction in Philosophy and Letters from the Central Universidad de Madrid. In between these dates that Jose Rizal began drafting the plot and the characters of his famous novels.
25 June 1884

Rizal won first prize in Greek contest, after which he delivered a speech (brindis) in honor of the two Filipino painters, Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo. The occasion commemorated the triumph of the two, especially Luna who won the first prize for his Spoliarium during the National Exposition of Fine Arts held in Madrid that year.

Rizal Back in Madrid

1 July 1884

Rizal explained the term "Filibusterismo" in the newspaper of Madrid El Progreso, calling the attention of the Spanish authorities over the case of future of the Filipinos. He asked for freedom of the press and the right of representation of the Spanish Cortes.

Rizal Back in Madrid

20 November 1884

Rizal witnessed the tumultuous scene in the Central Universidad de Madrid where the students and professors staged a strike against excommunication imposed by the bishop on the lecture proclaiming the freedom of science and of the teacher. 1 January 1885 Paciano replied to the letter sent by Jose stating that the brindis speech had stressed too much anxiety and disarray into their family. Their father warned Paciano to never receive Jose at home when he comes back.

Rizal in Paris, France

July 1885
Rizal reached Paris and went to stay at Juan Lunas studio on boulevard Arago. There was a large eye clinic in Rue du Cherche-Midi run by a famous ophthalmologist in Europe, Louis de Wecker. Jose Rizal worked as Weckers assistant from October 1885 January 1886

February 1885
Jose Rizal left Paris on a train to Germany

Rizal in Heidelberg, Germany

Universitats Augenklinik the most important center for

advanced ophthalmic research in Heidelberg, Germany according to Jose Rizal.

Rizal worked as an assistant to Otto Becker which was

accompanied by Wilhelm Kuhne.

22 April 1886

While in Heidelberg experiencing the feeling of nostalgia for his parents and his country, Rizal wrote the poem "A Las Flores de Heidelberg.

Rizal in Heidelberg, Germany

Due to inability to standard up his German communications, Jose Rizal took the chance of talking with Reverend Karl Ullmer (protestant pastor) and his wife.
9 August 1886

Jose Rizal left Heidelberg to Berlin.

Rizal in Berlin, Germany

Rizal embarked on a journey meeting profound scholars in

Germany that happened to have gained experience or written about the Philippines
Ferdinand Blumentritt (a scholar who was a lecturer in

geography and history at the Imperial Athnaeum at Leimeritz in Bohemia).

31 July 1886 Rizal sent Blumentritt an arithmetic book written in Tagalog and Spanish. Blumentritt replied to Rizals gift which started exchanging voluminous letters until Rizals death.

Rizal in Berlin, Germany

Blumentritts recommendations for Jose Rizal to meet in

Germany;
Rudolf Virchow - one of most distinguished men in Europe

and leader of the German Catholic opposition to Bismarck Feodor Jagor - professor of University of Berlin who had visited and written about the Philippines. Wrote the book Reisen in den Philippinen (1873).

Rizal in Berlin, Germany

November 1886 May 1887 Duration of Rizals stay in Berlin in a cheap room on Jaegerstrasse. Rizals activities within those periods:

Improper dieting Finishing the novel Noli Me Tangere Working in an ophthalmic clinic Regular exercise at a local gymnasium

Led to Rizals Malnourishment

It was through Rizals friend Maximo Viola that he was able

to recuperate from his deteriorating health.

Rizal in Berlin, Germany

Rizal happened to meet the famous people Blumentritt

recommended.
Rizal was highly interested with the answers of science to

Spanish views on indio inferiority. This is in reference with Jagors book. He also met Virchow in the same gathering.

Rizal gained access through the different organizations.

These are;
Berlin Ethnographic Society Berlin Anthropological Society (Virchow as president)

Europes foremost institution not only in the field of Anthropology but also to fields of sciences, history and psychology.

Rizal in Berlin, Germany

February 1887

Rizal delivered a speech in the Berlin Anthropological Society which was a Germanized version of the Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace to all men of goodwill (a speech he delivered when he was at the Universidad Central de Madrid)

Ten years after, the same meeting took place honouring Rizal in death. Mi Ultimo Adios was recited in German language.

Rizal in Berlin, Germany

21 March 1887

Copies of his novel came off the press. He sent one copy to Prof. Blumentritt. In a letter of his Austrian friend, he say it was the first impartial and daring book to be written on the life of the Tagalogs. He opined that the Spanish authorities and the friar would attack the book.

END OF FIRST TRIP TO WEST

Rizal in Manila
5 August 1887

At 9:00 oclock in the evening, Rizal arrived at Manila after five years of study and patriotic labors in Europe.

18 August 1887

In a letter, Archbishop P. Payo instructed Fr. Gregorio Echevarria, Rector of the University of Sto. Thomas, that an information about the novel Noli Me Tangere be issued by a Commission composed of University professors Fr. Matias Gomez, Fr. Norberto del Prado and Fr. Evaristo Fernandez Arias.

 30 August 1887 He left Calamba for Manila to see Governor-General on the issue of the Noli Me Tangere which caused torment among the friars in the Philippines. GovernorGeneral Terrero asked him for a copy and Rizal, after a few days looking for copy, handed him a worn out one.
On the same date, the Calustro Universitario formed by the Rector of Santo Thomas upon the order of the Archbishop of Manila, issued an order prohibiting the possession and reading of the Noli Me Tangere.

 September 1887

Rizal decided not to leave his family within this year. His sister Olimpia died of hemorrhage while giving birth. His father did not permit him to go out alone and eat in the house of his relatives. 19 October 1887 Rizal made a pencil drawing of a sailboat sailing on Lagunade Bay, which he saw with Jose Taviel de Andrade, Lieutenant of the Civil Guards assigned by the GovernorGeneral Terrero to protect him, during an excursion to Los Baos. This drawing was sent to Blumentritt.

 29 Decmber 1887

The Permanent Board Of Censure headed by Fr. Salvador Font issued a judgment absolutely prohibiting the circulation of the Noli Me Tangere in the Philppines. Upon the recommendation of the Governor-General, Father Font said: "Aside of attacking so directly, as you have seen your Excellency, the Religion of the state, institutions and respectable persons for their official character, the book is replete of foreign teachings and doctrines; and the general synthesis of the same is to inspire among the loyal and submissive sons of Spain in these distant islands, profound, and furious hate to the mother country"

 3 February 1888

Rizal, after staying in the Philippines for almost six months, left Manila for Hongkong, bringing with him P5,000 which he earned from his medical practice.

Rizal in Hong Kong

19 February 1888 With Jose Maria Basa, Jose Sainz de Veranda and some Portuguese, Rizal left Hongkong for Macao on board the Kui Kiang. In Macao, they lived in the house of Juan Lecaroz. Rizal went around for observation, especially the botanical garden. 22 February 1888 After staying in Hong Kong for almost two weeks, he left for Japan on board the Oceanic.

 Rizal in Japan
Rizal in America Rizal Bound for England Rizal in London Rizal in Paris Rizal Back in Spain

Some works of Rizal

Translated Antonio de Moragas, Sucesos de las Islas

Filipinas (Events in the Philippine Islands) on 1890 El Solfeo de la Defensa (La Solidaridad) "Los agriculores Filipinos "En Bosque "Me Piden Versos! "Los Viajes "La Verdad para Todos "Verdades Neuvas"

 "Differencias "a La Patria "Inconsecuencias" "Filipinas Dentro de Cien Aos "Filipinas Dentro de Cien Aos "Filipinas en el congreso" "Sobre la nueva ortografia de la lengua tagala," "Mariang Makiling,"

Rizal Back in Madrid

23 August 1890

He reported to Juan Luna what transpired between him and Antonio Luna. They had a quarrel and they also had a duel.

Rizal Biarritz, France

29 March 1891

He finished writing his book El Filibusterismo. He planned, however, of revising some chapters.

Rizal in Brussels, Belgium

1 May 1891

In a letter sent to Basa, Rizal reiterated [again] his desire to be in Hong Kong, reminding the former of the amount he was borrowing for his fare. He also informed Deodato Arellano of his plan to move from Europe to either Hongkong, Philippines or Japan, and to renounce the receiving of pension from the Propaganda. 30 May 1891 Rizal set ready for printing 20 chapters of the manuscript of the El Filibusterismo. He was waiting for an amount to defray the publication expense.

Rizal in Ghent, Belgium

9 July 1891

He was financially hard up. He did not receive for three months up to this date any pension from home. He was living in the most difficult situation, renting a small room and eating the modest food in order to economize and able to publish the Fili. He had already pawned all his jewels. September 1890 El Fili was publish in Ghent using the donations from Rizals friends.

Rizal in the Philippines

26 June 1892

Rizal arrived in the Philippines from Hongkong on board the boat Don Juan. After having been inspected by the custom men, he boarded in the Oriente Hotel where he occupied room No. 22, facing the Binondo church. His sister, Lucia, accompanied him in his return to the Philippines. In the evening, he attended the reunion held in the house of Don Ong-junco, a Chinese mestizo, who was living in the district of Tondo. Here he met many Filipinos who were later arrested and executed as a consequence of the discovery of the Katipunan.

 3 July 1892 Rizal had again an interview with Governor-General Despujol. He thanked Governor-General Despujol for lifting the order of exile for his sisters. The Governor told him to come back the following Wednesday.

In the evening, he attended a meeting at a house on Calle Ylaya to discuss the proposed Liga Filipina.

Exiled to Dapitan
6 July 1892 Rizal held the last interview with the GovernorGeneral. The governor-general confronted him for anti-friar bills supposedly found in the baggages of his sister Lucia. He was ordered imprisoned in Fort Santiago (from July 6-15). 15 July 1892 At 1:00 on the morning, Rizal was shipped on board the boat S. S. Cebu to Dapitan. He was given good cabin, but well guarded.

In Daptian
He engaged in agriculture, fishing and business; he

maintained and operated a hospital; he conducted classestaught the pupils English and Spanish languages and the arts

From Dapitan to Fort Santiago

When the Philippine Revolution started on August 26,

1896, his enemies lost no time in pressing him down. They were able to enlist witnesses that linked him with the revolt and these were never allowed to be confronted by him. Thus, from November 3, 1986, to the date of his execution, he was again committed to Fort Santiago.