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    Analysis of Vapour Power Ptant Part 2

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    garbi.twin
    This document analyzes the ideal Rankine cycle used in steam power plants. It discusses the four processes: 1) isentropic expansion in the turbine, 2) heat rejection in the condenser, 3) isentropic compression in the pump, and 4) heat addition in the boiler. Key performance measures are defined, including Rankine efficiency as the ratio of net work output to heat input, and specific steam consumption as the steam flow required to produce 1 kW of power. Comparisons between actual and ideal cycles are made based on irreversible processes in turbines and pumps. The document also discusses how specific steam consumption allows comparison of plant performance and size.

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    Analysis of Vapour Power Ptant Part 2

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    garbi.twin
    18 views10 pages
    This document analyzes the ideal Rankine cycle used in steam power plants. It discusses the four processes: 1) isentropic expansion in the turbine, 2) heat rejection in the condenser, 3) isentropic compression in the pump, and 4) heat addition in the boiler. Key performance measures are defined, including Rankine efficiency as the ratio of net work output to heat input, and specific steam consumption as the steam flow required to produce 1 kW of power. Comparisons between actual and ideal cycles are made based on irreversible processes in turbines and pumps. The document also discusses how specific steam consumption allows comparison of plant performance and size.

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    This document analyzes the ideal Rankine cycle used in steam power plants. It discusses the four processes: 1) isentropic expansion in the turbine, 2) heat rejection in the condenser, 3) isentropic compression in the pump, and 4) heat addition in the boiler. Key performance measures are defined, including Rankine efficiency as the ratio of net work output to heat input, and specific steam consumption as the steam flow required to produce 1 kW of power. Comparisons between actual and ideal cycles are made based on irreversible processes in turbines and pumps. The document also discusses how specific steam consumption allows comparison of plant performance and size.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    18 views10 pages

    Analysis of Vapour Power Ptant Part 2

    Uploaded by

    garbi.twin
    This document analyzes the ideal Rankine cycle used in steam power plants. It discusses the four processes: 1) isentropic expansion in the turbine, 2) heat rejection in the condenser, 3) isentropic compression in the pump, and 4) heat addition in the boiler. Key performance measures are defined, including Rankine efficiency as the ratio of net work output to heat input, and specific steam consumption as the steam flow required to produce 1 kW of power. Comparisons between actual and ideal cycles are made based on irreversible processes in turbines and pumps. The document also discusses how specific steam consumption allows comparison of plant performance and size.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Applied Thermodynamics

    Vapor Power Systems


    (The Steam Power Plant analysis)
    Part 2

    Dr ASIF TAHIR
    ([email protected])
    Larderello Plant in Italy

    1
    Analysis of Steam Power Plant
    ( Rankine Cycle)

    2
    Ideal Rankine Cycle
    The ideal Rankine cycle consists of four internally reversible processes:
    Process1-2: Isentropic expansion through the turbine ( Work Process)
    Process 2-3: (Isobaric Heat rejection) 5
    Heat transfer from the working fluid passing through the condenser at constant
    pressure. (Cooling process)

    Process 3-4: Isentropic compression in the pump (work input)

    Process 4-1: (Isobaric Heat addition)


    Heat transfer to the working fluid passing through the boiler at constant pressure (Steam production)

    For Analysis:
    Each component of steam pour plant / Rankine Cycle is a steady flow device,
    we use the SFEE throughout the cycle.
    The working fluid is phase change liquid (water/Steam) so, Enthalpy (h) is thermodynamic
    parameter.
    Recall : equation (4) from general revision
    eq(4)
    Analysis of Steam Power Plant ( Ideal Rankine Cycle)
    Boiler: h4 + Q451 = h1 + W451,

    but no work in the boiler so:

    Pump: Q451 = h1 - h4
    h3 + Q34 = h4 + W34
    Turbine: h1 + Q12 = h2 + W12
    but isentropic
    so Q34 = 0.
    but since isentropic Q12 = 0
    Thus,
    so W12 = h1 - h2
    W34 = h3 - h4 = -(h4 – h3)

    Work input to pump = h3 – h4


    s1 = s2
    Isentropic, so s3 = s4
    Condenser: h2 + Q23 = h3 + W23

    but no work in condenser, W23 = 0


    Analysis of Steam Power Plant ( Rankine Cycle)…….

    Performance Measures for Rankine Cycle


    𝑛𝑒𝑡 𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘𝑜𝑢𝑡𝑝𝑢𝑡
    𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦=
    h𝑒𝑎𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛𝑏𝑜𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑟

    𝑤12 +𝑤34
    𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
    𝑄 451

    ( h 1 − h2 ) + ( h3 −h 4 )
    𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 =
    ( h1 − h 4 )

    𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
    𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜=
    𝑅𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦
    Actual cycle efficiency
    Actual cycle efficiency arise because, in practice neither the expansion in the turbine nor
    the compression in the pump are truly isentropic; they are irreversible.

    For expansion
    T Dashed lines show the
    irreversible processes
    𝑤1 2 ′ h1 − h 2 ′

    𝜂 𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 , 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑖𝑛𝑒 = =
    𝑤 12 h 1 − h2

    For compression
    P

    𝑤 34 h3 − h 4
    𝜂 𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑛 , 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 = =
    𝑤3 4 h3 − h 4
    ′ ′

    6
    6
    Comparison of Steam Power Plants
    Specific steam consumption
    The specific steam consumption is the steam flow required in kg/h to develop 1kW. SSC is another
    criterion of performance for steam plants, apart from thermal efficiency and work ratio
    𝑘𝐽 𝑠 as ; kJ/kg x kg/s = kJ/s = kW
    𝑤𝑛𝑒𝑡 x 𝑆𝑆𝐶 =1 𝑥 3600
    𝑠 h

    3600 3600
    𝑆𝑆𝐶 = = But, h3-h4 ~ 0, if pump ignored
    𝑤12 + 𝑤34 ( h 1 − h2 ) + ( h3 − h4 )

    3600
    𝑆𝑆𝐶 = h1-h2 in kJ/kg
    h1 − h2

    • The SSC is a useful normalising quantity that allows the comparison of one
    steam plant to another.
    • When comparing two steam plants, the one with the lower SSC would be
    physically smaller if the both had the same rating.
    • Alternatively, if the two steam plants had roughly the same dimensions, the
    7
    one with lower SSC figures would be more powerful.

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