TOPIC: TO DETERMINE

WHICH ANTACID COULD

NEUTRALIZE THE MOST
STOMACH ACID
KUNJAN A. SINGH
PRESENTATION TITLE
Acknowledgment
I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to our
principal Mr. Gaurang Patel for her encouragement and
for all the facilities that she provided for this project work.
I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. Mitesh rawal , my
Chemistry teacher, who guided me to the successful
completion of this project. I take this opportunity to express
my deep sense of gratitude for his guidance, constant
encouragement, constructive comments, sympathetic attitude
and immense motivation, which has sustained my efforts at all
stages of this project work.

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Secondly, I would like to thank my parents and friends who
helped me in finishing this project.
PRESENTATION TITLE
OBJECTIVE

INTRODUCTION
INDEX
ACIDS

STOMACH ACID

SOME FOODS CONTAINING ACIDS

ANTACID

ACTION MECHANISM

INDICATION ^ SIDE EFFECTS

PROBLEMS WITH REDUCED STOMACH ACIDITY

EXPERIMENT DESIGN

MATERIAL REQUIRED

PROCEDURE

OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION

RESULT

3 PRECAUTIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY
PRESENTATION TITLE

OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this experiment was to determine which
antacid could neutralize the most stomach acid. I
became interested in this idea when I saw some
experiments on medicines and wanted to find out some
scientific facts about medicines. The information gained
from this experiment will help people know which
antacid they should look for in the stores. It will also let
them know which antacid will give them the most
comfort. This could also save consumers money and
provide better health

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PRESENTATION TITLE
INTRODUCTION
Digestion in the stomach results from the action of gastric fluid,
which includes secretions of digestive enzymes, mucous, and
hydrochloric acid. The acidic environment of the stomach makes it
possible for inactive forms of digestive enzymes to be converted
into active forms (i.e. pepsinogen into pepsin), and acid is also
needed to dissolve minerals and kill bacteria that may enter the
stomach along with food. However, excessive acid production
(hyperacidity) results in the unpleasant symptoms of heartburn and
may contribute to ulcer formation in the stomach lining. Antacids
are weak bases (most commonly bicarbonates, hydroxides, and
carbonates) that neutralize excess stomach acid and thus alleviate
symptoms of heartburn. The general neutralization reaction is:
Antacid (weak base) + HCl (stomach acid) —> salts + H20 + C02
The hydrochloric acid solution used in this experiment (0.1 M)
approximates the acid conditions of the human stomach, which is
typically 0.4 to 0.5% HQ by mass (pH ~ 1).Antacids help people who
have or get heartburn. The following information will help people
5 understand how stomach acid works and what antacid will help
those most
PRESENTATION TITLE

ACIDS
Acids are a group of chemicals, usually in liquid
form. They can be recognized by their sour taste
and their ability to react with other substances.
Acids are confirmed as an acid by their H. The
pH of acids ranges from 0-6.9 (below 7). The two
main acids are: mineral acid and organic acid.
The three well known acids that are sulphuric
acid (H2S04), nitric acid (HN03), and hydrochloric
acid (HCl).

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PRESENTATION TITLE

STOMACH ACID
Stomach acid is very dangerous. If a person was to have
an ulcer and the stomach acid was to escape it would
irritate their other organs. Stomach acid is highly acidic
and has a pH of 1.6. Stomach acid is hydrochloric acid
produced by the stomach. If there is too much stomach
acid it can cause heartburn. Heartburn is when stomach
acid is produced in abnormal amounts or location. One
of the symptoms of heartburn is a burning feeling in the
chest or abdomen.

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PRESENTATION TITLE
SOME FOODS
CONTAINING
ACIDS
Almost all foods and drinks and even medicines have
ingredients that are different acids. Here are some
examples: Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), Orangejuice
(ascorbic acid/Vitamin C), Sour Milk (lactic acid), Soda
Water (carbonic acid), Vinegar (acetic acid), Apples (malic
acid), and Spinach (oxalic acid).

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PRESENTATION TITLE

ANTACID
An antacid is any substance that can neutralize an acid.
All antacids are bases. A base is any substance that can
neutralize an acid. The pH of a base is 7.1-14(above 7).
All antacids have chemical in them called a buffer. When
an antacid is mixed with an acid the buffer tries to even
out the acidity and that is how stomach acid gets
neutralized. In an antacid it is not the name brand that
tells how well it works it is something called an active
ingredient. Not all antacids have a different active
ingredient. Some have one of the same active
ingredients and some have all of the same active
ingredients. Almost all the antacids that have the same
active ingredient work the same amount as the other.
The active ingredient of most of the antacids is bases of
9 calcium, magnesium, aluminium..
PRESENTATION TITLE ACTION
MECHANISM
Antacids perform neutralization reaction, i.e. they buffer
gastric acid, raising the pH to reduce acidity in the
stomach. When gastric hydrochloric acid reaches the
nerves in the gastrointestinal mucosa, they signal pain to
the central nervous system. This happens when these
nerves are exposed, as in peptic ulcers. The gastric acid
may also reach ulcers in the esophagus or the
duodenum. Other mechanisms may contribute, such as
the effect of aluminium ions inhibiting smooth muscle
cell contraction and delaying gastric emptying. Antacids
are commonly used to help neutralize stomach acid.
Antacids are bases with a pH above 7.0 that chemically
react with acids to neutralize them. The action of
antacids is based on the fact that a base reacts with acid
10
to form salt and water
PRESENTATION TITLE

INDICATIONS
Antacids are taken by mouth to relieve heartburn, the
major symptom of gastro esophageal reflux disease, or
acid indigestion. Treatment with antacids alone is
symptotic and only justified for minor symptoms. Peptic
ulcers may require H2- receptor antagonists or proton
pump inhibitors. The usefulness of many combinations of
antacids is not clear, although the combination of
magnesium and aluminium salts may prevent alteration
of bowel habits

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PRESENTATION TITLE
SIDE EFFECTS
 Aluminium hydroxide: may lead to the formation of insoluble
aluminium phosphate complexes, with a risk for hypophosphate
and osteomalacia. Although aluminium has a low
gastrointestinal absorption, accumulation may occur in the
presence of renal insufficiency. Aluminium containing drugs may
cause constipation.

 Magnesium hydroxide: has a laxative property. Magnesium may

accumulate in patients with renal failure leading to hypo
magnesia, with cardiovascular and neurological complication

 Calcium: compounds containing calcium may increase calcium

output in the urine, which might be associated to renal stones.
Calcium salts may cause constipation.

 Carbonate: regular high doses may cause alkalosis, which in

12 turn may result in altered excretion of other drugs, and kidney
stones
 PROBLEMS WITH REDUCED
STOMACH ACIDITY
PRESENTATION TITLE

Reduced stomach acidity may result in an impaired

ability to digest and absorb certain nutrients, such as
iron and the B vitamins. Since the low pH of the stomach
normally kills ingested bacteria, antacids increase the
vulnerability to infection. It could also result in the
reduced bioavailability of some drugs. For example, the
bioavailability of ketocanazole (antifungal), is reduced at
high intragastric pH (low acid content)

MATERIAL REQUIRED
Burette, pipette, titration flask, measuring flask, beaker,
weighing machine, concentrated sulphuric acid, methyl
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orange, antacid samples.
 PROCEDURE
PRESENTATION TITLE
• Prepare half litre of N/10 HCl solution by diluting 10 ml of the concentrated acid to 1 litre.
Prepare N/10 sodium carbonate solution by weighing exactly 1.325 g of anhydrous sodium
carbonate and then dissolving it in water to prepare exactly 0.25 litre of solution.

• Standardize the HCl solution by titrating it against the standard sodium carbonate solution
using methyl orange as indicator.

• Take 20 ml of standardized HCl in the conical flask, use methyl orange as indicator and see the
amount of base used for neutralization.

• Powder the various sample of antacids tablets and weigh 10 mg of each.

• Take 20 ml of standardized HCl solution in the conical flask; add the weighed samples to it.
Add two drops of methyl orange and warm the flask till most of the powder dissolves. Filter off
the insoluble material.

• Titrate the solution against the standardized Na2C03 solution till a permanent red tinge
appears.

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• Note the amount of base used for titration and note the reduction in the amount of base used.

• Repeat the experiment with different antacids.

 OBSERVATION AND CALCULATION
PRESENTATION TITLE
1. STANDARDIZATION OF HCL
SOLUTION
Volume of N/10 sodium carbonate solution taken
—20.0 ml
VOLUME OF
INITIAL
S.NO FINAL READING ACID USED(IN
READING
ML)

1 0.0 ml 15 ml 15.0

2 0.0 ml 14 ml 14.0

3 0.0 ml 15 ml 15.0

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Concordant reading—15.0 ml Applying normality
equation N1V1(acid) —N2V2(base) N (15) — (1/10) 20
Normality of HCl solution, N1 — 0.133 N
 2 . N E U T R A L I Z AT I O N O F S TA N D A R D I Z AT I O N O F H C L S O L U T I O N
PRESENTATION TITLE
USED
3 . A N A LY S I S O F A N TA C I D TA B L E T S

Weight of the antacid tablet powder— 10 mg Volume of HCl solution added— 20.0 ml

INITIAL VOLUME OF
S.NO A N TA C I D FINAL READING
READING NA2CO3

1 Gelusil 0.0 ml 15.0 ml 15 ml

2 Aciloc 150 0.0 ml 22.0ml 22 ml

3 Fantac 20 0.0 ml 25.0 ml 25 ml

4 Pantop 20 0.0 ml 20.0 ml 20 ml

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5 Ocid 10 0.0 ml 7.0 ml 7 ml
PRESENTATION TITLE
RESULT
The most effective antacid out of the taken samples is acid 10.

PRECAUTIONS
All apparatus should be clean and washed properly. Burette and pipette
must be rinsed with the respective solution to be put in them. Air
bubbles must be removed from the burette and jet. Last drop from the
pipette should not be removed by blowing. The flask should not be
rinsed with any of the solution, which are being titrated

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