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    Gait Cycle

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    fredrickshein73
    1) The normal gait cycle consists of 8 phases divided between stance and swing phases. Stance phase makes up 60% of the cycle and involves weight acceptance and single limb support, while swing phase is 40% and involves limb advancement. 2) The gait cycle phases include initial contact, loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, pre-swing, initial swing, mid-swing, and terminal swing. Each phase involves specific muscular contractions to propel the body forward. 3) Abnormal gaits can occur due to various conditions and manifest differently from the normal rhythmical gait. Understanding the normal

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    Gait Cycle

    Uploaded by

    fredrickshein73
    12 views30 pages
    1) The normal gait cycle consists of 8 phases divided between stance and swing phases. Stance phase makes up 60% of the cycle and involves weight acceptance and single limb support, while swing phase is 40% and involves limb advancement. 2) The gait cycle phases include initial contact, loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, pre-swing, initial swing, mid-swing, and terminal swing. Each phase involves specific muscular contractions to propel the body forward. 3) Abnormal gaits can occur due to various conditions and manifest differently from the normal rhythmical gait. Understanding the normal

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    1) The normal gait cycle consists of 8 phases divided between stance and swing phases. Stance phase makes up 60% of the cycle and involves weight acceptance and single limb support, while swing phase is 40% and involves limb advancement. 2) The gait cycle phases include initial contact, loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, pre-swing, initial swing, mid-swing, and terminal swing. Each phase involves specific muscular contractions to propel the body forward. 3) Abnormal gaits can occur due to various conditions and manifest differently from the normal rhythmical gait. Understanding the normal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    12 views30 pages

    Gait Cycle

    Uploaded by

    fredrickshein73
    1) The normal gait cycle consists of 8 phases divided between stance and swing phases. Stance phase makes up 60% of the cycle and involves weight acceptance and single limb support, while swing phase is 40% and involves limb advancement. 2) The gait cycle phases include initial contact, loading response, mid-stance, terminal stance, pre-swing, initial swing, mid-swing, and terminal swing. Each phase involves specific muscular contractions to propel the body forward. 3) Abnormal gaits can occur due to various conditions and manifest differently from the normal rhythmical gait. Understanding the normal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 30

    The University of Dodoma

    (UDOM)

    GAIT CYCLE
    DR.SAGUDA –OT surgeon BMH
    Objectives
    At the end of lecture, every student shoud be
    able to :
    • Define the gait cycle
    • Describe phases of gait cycle
    • Demonstrate the normal gait
    • Determine abnormal gait and its cause and
    manifestation
    Definitions
    Normal Gait
    Series of rhythmical , alternating
    movements of the trunk & limbs which
    result in the forward progression of the
    center of gravity
    DEFINITIONS
    • Stride: is the distance between consecutive
    initial contacts of the same foot with the
    ground
    • Step: is the distance between initial contacts
    of the alternating feet
    Basic Gait Phase Terminology
    • Stance and Swing
    • Stride Length
    • Step Length
    • Stride (gait) Width
    • Stride Time
    – Stance Time
    – Swing Time
    Gait Cycle - Definitions:

    • Stride Length =
    – Distance between successive points of heel contact of the
    same foot
    – Double the step length (in normal gait)
    Gait Cycle - Definitions:

    Walking Base
    • Side-to-side distance between the line of the
    two feet
    • Also known as ‘stride width’
    Gait Cycle - Definitions:
    • Cadence
    – Number of steps per unit time
    – Normal: 100 – 115 steps/min
    – Cultural/social variations
    Gait Cycle - Definitions:
    • Velocity =
    – Distance covered by the body in unit time
    – Usually measured in m/s
    – varies during the gait cycle
    – Average velocity (m/min) = step length (m) x cadence
    (steps/min)

    • Comfortable Walking Speed (CWS) =


    – Least energy consumption per unit distance
    – Average= 80 m/min (~ 5 km/h)
    Introduction
    • One gait cycle is measured from heel-strike to
    heel-strike consists of
    stance phase
    • period of time that the foot is on the ground
    • ~60% of one gait cycle is spent in stance
    • during stance, the leg accepts body weight and
    provides single limb support
    Cont.…
    swing phase
    • period of time that the foot is off the ground moving
    forward
    • ~40% of one gait cycle is spent in swing
    • the limb advances
    The new phases of gait

    Weight acceptance (stance): initial contact, limb-loading response


    Single-limb support (stance): midstance, terminal stance, pre-swing
    Limb advancement (swing): initial swing, mid-swing, terminal swing
    Stance phase
    Initial contact (heel strike)

    • definition
    – occurs when foot contacts the ground
    • muscular contractions
    – hip extensors contract to stabilize the hip
    – quadriceps contract eccentrically
    – tibialis anterior contracts eccentrically
    Loading response (initial double limb
    support)
    • marks the beginning of the initial double limb
    stance
    • definition
    – occurs after initial contact until elevation of opposite
    limb
    – bodyweight is transferred on to the supporting limb
    • muscular contractions
    – ankle dorsiflexors (tibialis anterior) contract eccentrically
    to control plantar flexion moment
    – quads contract to stabilize knee and counteract the
    flexion moment (about the knee)
    Mid-stance (single limb support)
    • initial period of single leg support
    • definition
    - from elevation of opposite limb until both
    ankles are aligned in coronal plane
    • muscular contractions
    – hip extensors and quads undergo concentric
    contraction
    Terminal stance (single limb support)
    • definition
    - begins when the supporting heel rises from the
    ground and continues until the opposite heel
    touches the ground
    • muscular contractions
    – toe flexors and tibialis posterior contract and are the
    most active during this phase
    Terminal stance
    Pre-swing (second double limb support)
    • Pre-swing (second double limb support) is the
    start of the second double limb stance in the
    gait cycle
    • definition
    -from initial contact of opposite limb to just
    prior to elevation of ipsilateral limb
    • muscular contractions
    – hip flexors contract to propel advancing limb
    Pre-swing phase
    Swing Phase
    Initial swing (toe off)
    • start of single limb support for opposite limb
    • definition
    - from elevation of limb to point of maximal knee
    flexion
    • muscular contractions
    - hip flexors concentrically contract to advance the
    swinging leg
    Initial swing
    Mid-swing (foot clearance)
    • definition
    – following knee flexion to point where tibia is
    vertical
    • muscular contractions
    – ankle dorsiflexors contract to ensure foot
    clearance
    Mid-swing
    Terminal swing (tibia vertical)
    • definition
    – from point where tibia is vertical to just prior to
    initial contact
    • muscular contractions
    – hamstring muscles decelerate forward motion of
    thigh
    Muscle actions during gait cycle
    ABNORMAL GAITS
    Conclusion
    • Remember 8 phases of gait cycle
    Refences
    • Orthobullets.com
    • Apley’s & Solomon’s system of orthopedic and
    trauma 10th edition.
    • Pysiotutor video on Youtube – Gait cycle

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