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    Histogram

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    Salitha K K
    This document discusses histograms and histogram equalization for digital image processing. It explains that a histogram shows the distribution of pixel intensities in an image and can provide information about image contrast and brightness. Histogram equalization is introduced as a technique to enhance images by transforming the intensity values to produce a uniform histogram and increase contrast by spreading out pixel values. The process of calculating the cumulative histogram and transformation function for histogram equalization is described mathematically.

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    Histogram

    Uploaded by

    Salitha K K
    36 views10 pages
    This document discusses histograms and histogram equalization for digital image processing. It explains that a histogram shows the distribution of pixel intensities in an image and can provide information about image contrast and brightness. Histogram equalization is introduced as a technique to enhance images by transforming the intensity values to produce a uniform histogram and increase contrast by spreading out pixel values. The process of calculating the cumulative histogram and transformation function for histogram equalization is described mathematically.

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    This document discusses histograms and histogram equalization for digital image processing. It explains that a histogram shows the distribution of pixel intensities in an image and can provide information about image contrast and brightness. Histogram equalization is introduced as a technique to enhance images by transforming the intensity values to produce a uniform histogram and increase contrast by spreading out pixel values. The process of calculating the cumulative histogram and transformation function for histogram equalization is described mathematically.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    36 views10 pages

    Histogram

    Uploaded by

    Salitha K K
    This document discusses histograms and histogram equalization for digital image processing. It explains that a histogram shows the distribution of pixel intensities in an image and can provide information about image contrast and brightness. Histogram equalization is introduced as a technique to enhance images by transforming the intensity values to produce a uniform histogram and increase contrast by spreading out pixel values. The process of calculating the cumulative histogram and transformation function for histogram equalization is described mathematically.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 10

    Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.

    com

    Module 6
    Histogram

    © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


    Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

    Histogram

    p(rk) versus rk
    © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods
    Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

    © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


    Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

    Histogram Processing

    © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


    Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

    Histogram Processing

    © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


    Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

    • In the dark image the components of the histogram are


    concentrated on the low (dark) side of the gray scale.
    • In case of bright image the histogram components are
    biased towards the high side of the gray scale.
    • The histogram of a low contrast image will be narrow
    and will be centered towards the middle of the gray scale.
    • The components of the histogram in the high contrast
    image cover a broad range of the gray scale.
    • The net effect of this will be an image that shows a great
    deal of gray levels details and has high dynamic range.

    © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


    Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

    Histogram Equalization

    • Histogram equalization:
    • enhancement technique which produces an output (enhanced)
    image that has a near uniformly distributed histogram.
    – To improve the contrast of an image
    – To transform an image in such a way that the transformed image has a
    nearly uniform distribution of pixel values

    • Suppose we have an image which is predominantly dark. Then its


    histogram would be skewed towards the lower end of the grey scale and
    all the image detail are compressed into the dark end of the histogram.
    • If we could stretch out the grey levels at the dark end to produce a more
    uniformly distributed histogram then the image would become much
    clearer.

    © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


    Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

    Histogram Equalization

    • In discrete version:
    – The probability of occurrence of gray level rk in an image is
    n
    pr ( r )  k k  0,1,2,..., L  1
    MN
    MN : the total number of pixels in the image
    nk : the number of pixels that have gray level rk
    L : the total number of possible gray levels in the image

    © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


    Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

    Histogram Equalization

    The transformation function is


    k
    ( L  1) k
    sk  T (rk )  ( L  1) pr (rj )   nj k  0,1,2,..., L  1
    j 0 MN j 0

    • The right side of this equation is known as the cumulative


    histogram for the input image. This transformation is
    called histogram equalization or histogram linearization.

    • Thus, an output image is obtained by mapping each pixel


    with level rk in the input image into a corresponding pixel
    with level sk .

    © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods


    Digital Image Processing, 2nd ed. www.imageprocessingbook.com

    Histogram Equalization

    © 2002 R. C. Gonzalez & R. E. Woods

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