AQA 18 Kinetics
AQA 18 Kinetics
AQA 18 Kinetics
Jerry
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Contents
• Unit: mol/(dm3·s)
Initial rate
• Definition: The rate at t=0 3
The rate of chemical reactions
Questions :
1 ls the concentration being plotted that of a reactant
or a product? Explain your answer.
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The rate expression and order of reaction
Rate of the reaction
• The rate expression X Y Z
rate k[ X ] [Y ]
m n
Rate constant k
• Properties 1: Different for every reaction
• Properties 2: Varied with temperature Not the same to
stoichiometric coefficient !!
Order of reaction m n (From experiments)
• The order to reactant: the order to X/Y is m/n, the reaction is m/n-th order
to X/Y, m/n is the order to X/Y
• The overall order: the reaction is (m+n)-th order overall, the overall order
of the reaction is m+n
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The rate expression and order of reaction
Units of the rate constant
• Zero order reaction rate k[ A]0 [ B ]0 k ABC
• Unit: mol/(dm3·s)
rate k[ A]1[ B ]0 k[ A]
• First order reaction rate
• Unit: s-1 k
[ A]
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Determining the rate equation
Finding the order of a reaction by using rate-concentration graphs
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Determining the rate equation
The initial rate method
Activation energy Ea
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Determining the rate equation
Questions :
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The Arrhenius equation
The Arrhenius equation
Ea / RT
N% e x 0, e 1
x The fraction of molecules with energy greater
than the activation energy
742684
Ea / RT
k Ae
k, rate constant
A, pre-exponential factor
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The Arrhenius equation
Logarithmic form of the Arrhenius equation
Ea
ln(a b) ln a ln b
Ea / RT
ln k ln( Ae ) ln A ln e RT
Ea E 1
ln k
RT
ln A a ln A
R T
ln a x ln a
x
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The Arrhenius equation
Using the Arrhenius equation
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The rate-determining step
Reaction mechanism
BrO3 (aq ) 6 H (aq ) 5 Br (aq ) 3Br2 (aq) 3H 2O(l )
The reaction is the collision of particles.
rate [ A][ B ][ D ] 16
The rate-determining step
Using the order of the reaction to find the rate-determining step
C4 H 9 Br OH C4 H 9OH Br
关键理解:化学键的断裂是不是同时的
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The rate-determining step
Question:
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Small summary
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Thank you
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