Chapter 4 Stat 3

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Measures of Variation

OBJECTIVE(S):
1. Explain the importance of measuring variability
2. Calculate and interpret the index of range, interquartile range, the
variance, and the standard deviation
3. Identify the relative strengths and weaknesses of the measures
4. Understand the concepts of normal distribution and simple regression
Measures of Variation

Definition: A measure of variation is a single value that is used to


describe the spread of the data set. It determines the deviation in data
set.

•Range
•Interquartile Range
•Standard Deviation
• Variance, Coefficient of Variation
Range (R): It is the difference between the maximum and
the minimum scores.

Interquartile Range (IQR): It is the difference between


the third quartile and the first quartile.

Properties of the Interquartile Range:


1. It is not influence by the maximum and the minimum scores.
2. It covers the middle 50% of the data set.
3. It is not easy to compute as compared to the range. IQR needs
•Quartiles are score points which divide the distribution into four equal
parts.

•First quartile ( Q1) or the lower quartile is the value that separates the
lower 25% from the upper 75% of the scores.

•Third quartile (Q3) or the upper quartile is the value that separates the
lower 75% from the upper 25% of the scores.

•Locating the quartiles is similar to the median:


Q1 = ¼ n Q3 = ¾ n

•Arrange the scores in ascending order to locate Q1 and Q3


Example 1: Nine housewives keeps a record of their monthly expenditures. This
includes house rent, utility bills and grocery. See the list below:
Housewife Janelle Feliz Marge Anna Me-ann Julia Jane Alice Sheila
Monthly 34 27 50 54 49 43 65 63 59
Expenditures
(in thousands
of pesos)
•Variance
It is the average of the squared deviation or difference of every score
from the mean.

 i
( x  x ) 2

s2  i 1
n 1
•Standard Deviation

: it is the square root of the variance.

Properties of the Standard Deviation:


1.It is the most important measure of variation.
2.It is very reliable and stable.
3.It considers every squared deviation of all the scores from the mean.
Find the standard deviation of the previous example.

Example 1: Nine housewives keeps a record of their monthly expenditures. This


includes house rent, utility bills and grocery. See the list below:
Housewife Janelle Feliz Marge Anna Me-ann Julia Jane Alice Sheila
Monthly 34 27 50 54 49 43 65 63 59
Expenditures
(in thousands
of pesos)
Getting standard deviation using calculator.

I. CASIO - NATURAL DISPLAY Model


1. Press MODE. Choose STAT or SD , 2 or 3 from the choices.
Press 1 for 1-VAR.
2. Now that you are in STAT MODE, you are now ready to encode the scores. You will see a table on
the screen. Press each score followed by the = sign.
3. After encoding all scores, press AC.
4. Press SHIFT, then 1 for STAT, Press 4 or 5 for VAR, press 2 for followed by to get the mean. Press
4 for then = for the standard deviation.
II. CASIO – SVPAM Model
1. Clear the memory by pressing SHIFT, press MODE/CLEAR, then press ALL.
2. Bring the mode to Stat: Press MODE, press 2 for SD/STAT. The word “stat” or
“sd” will be seen on upper or lower part of the screen.
3. Encode scores by pressing each SCORE followed by M+.
4. Press AC.
5. Press SHIFT, press 2 for S-VAR and press 1 for the then =
6. Press SHIFT, press 2 for S-VAR and press 3 for then =
III. SHARP
(These steps can be applicable to any model of Sharp calculators.)
1. Press MODE, then press 1 or 0 for STAT/SD. The word STAT or SD
will be seen on upper or lower part of the screen.
2. Encode scores by pressing each SCORE followed by DATA
3. Press AC, then press RCL, press for the , press for the .
•Coefficient of Variation (CV): It shows variation
relative to the mean. To compare two or more
groups, compare their percentages of variation.
Example: The following are the top 5 ratings (in %) of a board exam last May and October 2017.
May 2017 October 2017
93.86 96.00
92.86 95.43
92.57 94.00
92.29 93.71
92.14 93.29
Determine the mean, standard deviation and coefficient of variation.

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