Transparency Workshop en

Workshop on Transparency and Fighting Corruption
FAIFE – Committee on Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression

Schedule (7 ½ - 8 hours)
Morning (3-3 ½ hours)

• Introduction
• Presentation on transparency and anti-corruption
• Coffee break
• Localisation and legalisation structures
Lunch (1 ½ hours)
Afternoon (3 hours)
• Group discussion: Corruption in libraries
• Coffee break
• Group work: Building on existing librarian practice
• Final session: Campaigning - resolutions and/or action plans
About FAIFE
• IFLA/FAIFE was founded in Copenhagen in 1998 as an initiative within

IFLA (International Federation of Library Association and Institutions) to
defend and promote the basic human rights defined in Article 19 of the
United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
• IFLA/FAIFE furthers free access to information and freedom of

expression in all aspects, directly or indirectly, related to libraries and
librarianship.
• IFLA/FAIFE monitors the state of intellectual freedom within the library

community world-wide, supports IFLA policy development and co-
operation with other international human rights organisations, and
responds to violations of free access to information and freedom of
expression.
More info at www.ifla.org/faife

About FAIFE´s work
FAIFE works in the spirit of Article 19 of the Universal Declaration

of Human Right
”Everyone has the right to freedom of expression; this right includes

freedom to hold opinions without interference and to seek, receive and
impart information and ideas through any media regardless of the
frontiers.”
FAIFE’s specific mission is to promote access to information and

ideas through libraries
What is corruption, anti-corruption and transparency
Corruption:
• Threatens good governance, sustainable development, democratic process,
and fair business practices.
• What does corrupt mean: “inducement to wrong by improper or unlawful
means (as bribery) , impairment of integrity, virtue, or moral principle”.
Merriam-Webster’s dictionary
“Transparency is the basis of good governance and the first step in fighting
corruption. It provides a universal rationale for the provision of good
records management systems, archives, and financial regulatory and
monitoring systems. It is directly linked to the practice of socially responsible
authorship and journalism, the work of editors, the publishing and the
distribution of information through all media.”
IFLA Manifesto on Transparency,
Good Governance and
Freedom from Corruption
Corruption and the information profession
Q. Why should the information professions be concerned with

corruption?
 A. All ethical professions should concern themselves with matters of
equity and moral conduct
Librarians and other information professionals are no exception to this

principle
It can be argued that libraries play a special role

Pictures and posters
Pictures and posters (2)
Your own stories...
What are your experiences with corruption?
• Do you know how many people in your workplace are affected by

corruption?
• What are your organization's/company's policies regarding

corruption?
• What is your own view on corruption?
• What is your experience of standing up to corruption?

A presentation on corruption
• What is corruption
• What is the extent of corruption
• How to fight it
Characteristics
An operational definition of corruption

• “The misuse of entrusted power for private gain.”
Two kinds of corruption
• “according to rule“ - bribe is paid to receive preferential treatment for

something that the bribe receiver is required to do by law. Bribe as
motivation to get things done.
• "against the rule" - bribe paid to obtain services the bribe receiver is
prohibited from providing. Bribe to look the other way.
The four fold effect of corruption
Political
• Public offices and institutions lose their legitimacy when they are
misused for private advantage. Especially harmful to emerging
democracies
Economic
• Depletion of national wealth. Channeling of scarce public resources to
uneconomic projects. A deterrent to investment
Social
• Undermines people's trust. Frustration and general apathy among a
disillusioned public result in a weak civil society.
Environmental
• Careless exploitation of natural resources. Ineffective regulation.
Can corruption be measured?
Can the cost of corruption be quantified?
 No. Bribes are not recorded – and do not always take form of
monetary value: favors, gifts, etc.
 Social cost are even less quantifiable: The cost of disillusion...

Examples of corruption
How does corruption affect people’s lives?
 In the worst case corruption costs lives. In countless other cases,

it costs their freedom, health or money.
Examples of corruption:
 Dutch public regulators received gifts to turn a blind eye on safety

 Excessive, uncontrolled logging on Borneo threatens the Penan
people
Conditions for corruption
Corruption thrives...
• Where temptation coexists with permissiveness
• Where institutional checks on power are missing
• Where decision making remains obscure
• Where civil society is thin on the ground
• Where great inequalities in the distribution of wealth condemn

people to live in poverty
• How to fight it
The corruption perception index
Developed by Transparency International
The CPI ranks 180 countries by their perceived levels of corruption, as

determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.
 The top: Denmark, New Zealand and Sweden share the highest
score at 9.3, followed immediately by Singapore at 9.2.
 The bottom: Somalia at 1.0, slightly trailing Iraq and Myanmar at

1.3 and Haiti at 1.4
• How to fight it
Transparency
The openness of activity in both public and private sectors of society to

public scrutiny
It is intended to be a mechanism for empowering citizens to work for:
• An effective democratic process
• A fair and corruption-free public administration
• An honest and public-spirited business environment

How to combat corruption
Anti-corruption programmes worldwide include various elements:
 Administrative and institutional reform
 Legal sanctions and energitic policing
 Creation of regulatory systems
These rely on transparency to be effective
They are complemented by the moral effects of transparency
 ”Sunshine is the best disinfectant”

Judge Louis D. Brandeis
Implementing transparency
Exposing the activities of both public and private sectors to general

scrutiny will limit corruption – but who will do it?
• Democratically elected representatives
• Regulatory bodies
• NGOs such as Transparency International
• Other information institutions such as libraries

Important institutions
United Nations Development Programme
• Anti-corruption and good governance are central elements in

achieving the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
Investment banks (insert regional information) World bank, Asian

Development Bank
Transparency International
[Insert local or regional institutions]

Transparency International
A global network including:
• +90 locally established national chapters and chapters-in-formation;
• Their mission is to bring together relevant players from government,

civil society, business and the media to promote transparency in
elections, in public administration, in procurement and in business.
Each year the CPI is published

Freedom of information
Freedom of information legislation (aka open records, sunshine laws)
• Set rules on access to information or records held by government

bodies.
Over 70 countries around the world have implemented some form of such
legislation.
A basic principle behind most freedom of information legislation is that

the burden of proof falls on the body asked for information, not the
person asking for it. The requester does not usually have to give an
explanation for their request, but if the information is not disclosed a
valid reason has to be given.
Professional implications of transparency
A free press, investigative journalism and independent authors
Records management to ensure preservation of documentation
Ethical Information and Communication Technology
Healthy debate on personal privacy, official and industrial secrecy
Libraries that fight censorship and promote and protect access to

information
Libraries and transparency:...
...reality or fantasy?
Libraries are potential transparency institutions
• Particularly national and public libraries have the potential to be

important contributors to transparency
• However there are issues connected with the idea of libraries as

transparency institutions

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Workshop on Transparency and Fighting Corruption

FAIFE – Committee on Freedom of Access to Information and Freedom of Expression

Morning (3-3 ½ hours)

• IFLA/FAIFE was founded in Copenhagen in 1998 as an initiative within

• IFLA/FAIFE furthers free access to information and freedom of

• IFLA/FAIFE monitors the state of intellectual freedom within the library

More info at www.ifla.org/faife

FAIFE works in the spirit of Article 19 of the Universal Declaration

”Everyone has the right to freedom of expression; this right includes

FAIFE’s specific mission is to promote access to information and

Q. Why should the information professions be concerned with

Librarians and other information professionals are no exception to this

It can be argued that libraries play a special role

What are your experiences with corruption?

• Do you know how many people in your workplace are affected by

• What are your organization's/company's policies regarding

• What is your own view on corruption?

• What is your experience of standing up to corruption?

• What is the extent of corruption

An operational definition of corruption

Two kinds of corruption

• “according to rule“ - bribe is paid to receive preferential treatment for

Can the cost of corruption be quantified?

 Social cost are even less quantifiable: The cost of disillusion...

How does corruption affect people’s lives?

 In the worst case corruption costs lives. In countless other cases,

 Dutch public regulators received gifts to turn a blind eye on safety

• Where temptation coexists with permissiveness

• Where institutional checks on power are missing

• Where decision making remains obscure

• Where civil society is thin on the ground

• Where great inequalities in the distribution of wealth condemn

• What is the extent of corruption

Developed by Transparency International

The CPI ranks 180 countries by their perceived levels of corruption, as

 The bottom: Somalia at 1.0, slightly trailing Iraq and Myanmar at

• What is the extent of corruption

The openness of activity in both public and private sectors of society to

It is intended to be a mechanism for empowering citizens to work for:

• An effective democratic process

• A fair and corruption-free public administration

• An honest and public-spirited business environment

Anti-corruption programmes worldwide include various elements:

 Administrative and institutional reform

 Legal sanctions and energitic policing

 Creation of regulatory systems

These rely on transparency to be effective

They are complemented by the moral effects of transparency

 ”Sunshine is the best disinfectant”

Exposing the activities of both public and private sectors to general

• Democratically elected representatives

• NGOs such as Transparency International

• Other information institutions such as libraries

United Nations Development Programme

• Anti-corruption and good governance are central elements in

Investment banks (insert regional information) World bank, Asian

[Insert local or regional institutions]

A global network including:

• +90 locally established national chapters and chapters-in-formation;