Topic - Voltage Regulator BE

Topic:-Voltage Regulator
Name-Shubham jaddon
Roll no.-2201928
Subject-Basic electronics
Class-Btech (Part Time) 2nd Year
Outline
Voltage Regulator
Working of Voltage Regulator
Types of Voltage Regulators
Linear Voltage Regulator
Advantages and Disadvantages of Linear Regulator
Types of Linear Regulator
Series Regulator
Shunt Regulator
Switching Regulator
Advantages and Disadvantages of Switching Voltage Regulator
Voltage Regulator
A voltage regulator is used to regulate voltage levels. When a
steady, reliable voltage is needed, then the voltage regulator is
the preferred device. It generates a fixed output voltage that
remains constant for any changes in an input voltage or load
conditions. It acts as a buffer for protecting components from
damages. A voltage regulator is a device with a simple feed-
forward design and it uses negative feedback control loops.
Working of Voltage
Regulator
Voltage regulators (VRs) keep the voltages from a power supply
within a range that is compatible with the other electrical
components. While voltage regulators are most commonly used
for DC/DC power conversion, some can perform AC/AC or AC/DC
power conversion as well.
Types of Voltage
Regulators
There are two main types of voltage regulators:
o Linear voltage regulator
o Switching voltage regulator
Both types regulate a system’s voltage, but linear regulators

operate with low efficiency and switching regulators operate with
high efficiency. In high-efficiency switching regulators, most of the
input power is transferred to the output without dissipation.
Linear Voltage Regulator
The Linear voltage regulator acts as a voltage divider. In the
Ohmic region, it uses FET(Field-Effect Transistor). The resistance
of the voltage regulator varies with load resulting in constant
output voltage. Linear voltage regulators are the original type of
regulators use to regulate the power supplies. In this kind of
regulator, the variable conductivity of the active pass element like
a MOSFET or a BJT is accountable to change the output voltage.
Advantages and
Disadvantages of Linear
Regulator
Advantages
The advantages of a linear voltage regulator include the following.
•Gives a low output ripple voltage
•Fast response time to load or line changes
•Low electromagnetic interference and less noise
Disadvantages
The disadvantages of a linear voltage regulator include the following.
•Efficiency is very low
•Requires large space – heatsink is needed
•Voltage above the input cannot be increased
Types of Linear Regulator
Two basic types of linear regulator are the series regulator
and the shunt regulator .
The series regulator is connected in series with the load and
the shunt regulator is connected in parallel with the load.
Series Regulator
Control element in series
with load between input and
output.
Output sample circuit senses
a change in output voltage.
Error detector compares
sample voltage with
reference voltage → causes
control element to
compensate in order to
maintain a constant output
voltage.
Shunt Regulator
The unregulated input voltage
provides current to the load.
Some of the current is pulled away
by the control element.
If the load voltage tries to change
due to a change in the load
resistance, the sampling circuit
provides a feedback signal to a
comparator.
The resulting difference voltage then
provides a control signal to vary the
amount of the current shunted away
from the load to maintain the
regulated output voltage across the
load.
Switching Regulator
The switching regulator is a
type of regulator circuit
which its efficient transfer of
power to the load is greater
than series and shunt
regulators because the
transistor is not always
conducting.
The switching regulator
passes voltage to the load in
pulses, which then filtered to
provide a smooth dc voltage.
Switching Regulator
The switching regulator is more efficient than the linear
series or shunt type.
This type regulator is ideal for high current applications
since less power is dissipated.
Voltage regulation in a switching regulator is achieved by
the on and off action limiting the amount of current flow
based on the varying line and load conditions.
With switching regulators 90% efficiencies can be achieved.
Advantages and Disadvantages of
Switching Voltage Regulator
Advantages Disadvantages
•High efficiency •More external parts required
•Low heat generation •Complicated design
•Boost/buck/negative voltage operation •Increased noise
possible
Summary
Voltage regulators keep a constant dc output despite input voltage or
load changes.
The two basic categories of voltage regulators are linear and switching.
The two types of linear voltage regulators are series and shunt.

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Topic:-Voltage Regulator

o Switching voltage regulator

Both types regulate a system’s voltage, but linear regulators

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