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    Psychology

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    Aakash Goel
    Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the mind, behavior, and cognitive processes. It uses scientific methods to understand how and why people think, feel, and behave as they do. The document discusses several key topics in psychology including mental processes, experiences, behaviors, definitions of psychology, the four goals of psychology (describe, explain, predict, change/control), and some major branches of psychology such as abnormal psychology, behavioral psychology, clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, and counseling psychology. The overall purpose of the document is to provide an overview of the field of psychology including its aims, topics of study, and approaches.

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    Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Aakash Goel
    9 views16 pages
    Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the mind, behavior, and cognitive processes. It uses scientific methods to understand how and why people think, feel, and behave as they do. The document discusses several key topics in psychology including mental processes, experiences, behaviors, definitions of psychology, the four goals of psychology (describe, explain, predict, change/control), and some major branches of psychology such as abnormal psychology, behavioral psychology, clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, and counseling psychology. The overall purpose of the document is to provide an overview of the field of psychology including its aims, topics of study, and approaches.

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    Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the mind, behavior, and cognitive processes. It uses scientific methods to understand how and why people think, feel, and behave as they do. The document discusses several key topics in psychology including mental processes, experiences, behaviors, definitions of psychology, the four goals of psychology (describe, explain, predict, change/control), and some major branches of psychology such as abnormal psychology, behavioral psychology, clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, and counseling psychology. The overall purpose of the document is to provide an overview of the field of psychology including its aims, topics of study, and approaches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    9 views16 pages

    Psychology

    Uploaded by

    Aakash Goel
    Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the mind, behavior, and cognitive processes. It uses scientific methods to understand how and why people think, feel, and behave as they do. The document discusses several key topics in psychology including mental processes, experiences, behaviors, definitions of psychology, the four goals of psychology (describe, explain, predict, change/control), and some major branches of psychology such as abnormal psychology, behavioral psychology, clinical psychology, cognitive psychology, and counseling psychology. The overall purpose of the document is to provide an overview of the field of psychology including its aims, topics of study, and approaches.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 16

    MEWAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT

    DEPARTMENT OF TEACHER
    EDUATION
    B.ED Batch(2021-23)

    PSYCHOLOGY: AIM AND UTILITY

    SUBMITTED To: SUBMITTED By:


    Mrs Sapna Ralhan Shivangi Mittal
    Counsellor Vivekananda Group ROLL NO : 168
    DEFINITION

    Psychology is the study of mind and behavior.

    It includes the biological influences, social


    pressures, and environmental factors that
    affect how people think, act, and feel.

    Psychology is defined as a science which studies


    mental processes, experiences and behavior in
    different contexts. It uses methods of biological
    and social sciences to obtain data systematically.
    MENTAL PROCESS
     Mental processes are activities of the
    mind and brain, related to cognition.

     We use mental processes when we


    think or remember something, or
    solve a problem.

     The mind emerges and evolves as our


    interactions and experiences in this
    world get dynamically organized in
    the form of a system which is
    responsible for the occurrence of
    various mental processes.

     Mental processes include reasoning,


    learning, thinking, problem solving,
    perception, etc.
     Experiences are subjective in nature,
    different for every individual.

     We cannot directly observe or know


    someone’s experience.
    EXPERIENCES
     Only the experiencing person can be aware
    or conscious of his/her experiences. Thus,
    experiences are imbedded in our awareness
    or consciousness.

     The nature of the experience can only be


    understood by analyzing a complex set of
    internal and external conditions.
    Behaviors are responses or reactions we make
    or activities we engage in. E.g. One can feel the
    heart pounding before taking an examination.

    Some behaviors such as thinking may be simple


    or complex, short or enduring.

    On the other hand, some behaviors can be


    outwardly seen or sensed and are called overt,
    BEHAVIORS for example laughing.

    All behaviors can be explained on the


    basis of S-R (Stimulus Response Relations).

    The same stimulus can have different responses,


    due to the organism variable. It emphasizes upon
    an individual’s uniqueness and variation that make
    him different from other.
    Etymologically psychology means the science of the
    soul, viz., ‘psyche’ mean ‘soul’ and ‘logos’ means
    ‘science.’

    The earlier psychologists maintained that the


    function of psychology was to study the nature,
    DEFINITIONS origin and the destiny of the human soul.
    OF Modern psychologists, however, doubt the existence
    PSYCHOLOGY of the soul since there is no empirical evidence for
    its existence.

    Some contemporary psychologists believe in the


    existence of the mind.
    Psychology is the Psychology is the
    Psychology is the Psychology is the
    Science of Behavior: Science of the
    Science of Mind: Science of
    Experience and
    Consciousness:
    Behavior:

    In 1892 William James In 1884 James Sully defined In 1905 William McDougall K. Koffka holds that even
    defined psychology as the psychology as the science of defined psychology as the though the concept of
    ‘science of mental the ‘inner world’ as ‘science of behavior’. ‘consciousness’ cannot be
    processes. distinguished from physical J. B. Watson, however, completely discarded from
    science which study the discarded the concepts of psychological vocabulary the
    In his view, psychology may main aim of psychology is
    be defined in terms of physical phenomena. the ‘mind’, ‘consciousness’,
    ‘purpose’ and defined the study of behavior.
    conscious states.
    psychology as ‘the science of
    behavior’.
    The Four Goals Of Psychology:
    1. Describe :
     Describing in psychology has a slightly different meaning than the
    describing we do in our everyday life.
     Describing a problem, an issue, or behavior is the first goal of
    psychology.
     Descriptions help psychologists to distinguish between normal and
    abnormal behavior and gain a more accurate understanding and
    perspective on human and animal behavior, actions, and thoughts.

    2. Explain :
     Psychologists are very interested in being able to explain behavior
    rather than just being able to describe it.
     This helps in providing answers to questions about why people react
    in a certain way, why they do the things they do and the factors
    which affect their personality, their mental health, their actions,
    etc.
    3. Predict :
     By looking at past observed behavior (describing and
    explaining) psychologists aim to predict how that behavior
    will appear again in the future .
     Through the process of describing an explanation,
    psychologists are able to understand more about what
    thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are contributing factors.
     They can then use that knowledge to predict why, when, and
    how those things might happen in the future.
    4.Change / Control :
     Psychology aims to change, influence, or control behavior to
    make positive, constructive, meaningful, and lasting
    changes in people's lives and to influence their behavior for
    the better. This is the final and most important goal of
    psychology.
    If you're trying to change something in your life or develop a healthier
    habit, consider using the four goals.

    How Can You To start, visualize your goal. What is that you want?

    Use the Four This will help breakdown and clarify your thoughts if they are chaotic or
    jumbled.

    Goals in Your Explaining is the process of trying to figure out what is going on, and this

    Life? can be done by reflecting on a personal experience that might hold some
    type of explanation for your habit or behavior.

    Asking yourself "why" questions can be helpful in reaching the goal of


    explaining.

    Taking notes from describing and explaining might help you to be able to
    predict future thoughts and behaviors.
    Abnormal Psychology
    BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY
    • Abnormal psychology dedicated to patients who display
    abnormal behavior or thinking.
    • Abnormal behavior is considered conduct that doesn’t
    comply with societal norms, which can include mental
    illnesses such as bulimia or schizophrenia.
    • Psychologists in this field try to understand what causes
    unusual behaviors in people, whether it stems from a
    biological origin (nature) or learned through experiences
    (nurture).
    Behavioral Psychology
    • Psychologists who study the connection between the mind
    and subsequent behaviors are behavioral psychologists.
    • Behavioral psychologists counsel, diagnose and treat patients
    with behavioral disorders.
    • By better understanding behaviors, the psychologists hope
    to better predict how people will behave in different
    situations. Behavioral psychologists study how habits form in
    people, and how the mind plays a role in a physical
    response.
    Clinical Psychology
    • Clinical psychology relates to psychologists directly providing
    comprehensive healthcare to patients who are suffering from
    mental illness.
    • Clinical psychologists interact with patients through
    observations, interviews and tests before making a diagnosis
    and coming up with a plan to deal with the symptoms of a
    mental illness.
    • Many psychologists in this field use psychoanalysis, a
    psychological theory and form of therapy for treating mental
    disorders in patients. Over the course of multiple visits,
    psychologists delve into the emotions and experiences of a
    patient to provide insight into the illness.
    Cognitive Psychology
    • Concerned with mental processes, cognitive psychologists
    study the human thought process and how people obtain,
    process, and store information in the brain.
    • These psychologists conduct experiments and research to
    study memory, perception, and learning.
    • They work to better understand the mind and find solutions
    to memory loss, learning disabilities, and other cognitive
    issues.
    Counseling Psychology

    • Patients who are suffering through stressful moments in life could be


    advised to see a counseling psychologist.
    • Counseling psychologists treat patients who are experiencing an
    emotional strain caused by social or physical factors.
    • This differs from clinical psychologists, who treat and diagnose patients
    with mental disorders. Marriage and grief counselors would be
    considered part of counseling psychology.
    • The counselors assess patients and then advise them with a personalized
    plan to improving their well-being and decreasing stress.

    Developmental Psychology

    • Developmental psychologists have helped us better understand how


    people mature over the course of their lives, both emotionally and
    physically, studying human development from birth until old age.
    • psychologists take an in-depth look at biological growth of the body,
    cognitive expansion and emotional maturity, among other areas of study.
    When working with patients, developmental psychologists assess and
    diagnose to treat various issues, such as developmental delays in
    children.
     Educational Psychology
     Educational psychologists study factors that
    impact learning, including learning methods
    and how information is processed and
    absorbed.
     Memory, concepts, and individual
    differences all affect how a person learns.
     Psychologists apply theories of human
    development to better understand how to
    improve the instructional process.
     School Psychology
     Creating a safe and healthy school
    environment is the goal of every school
    psychologist.
     These psychologists focus on helping find
    the best environment for student learning
    as well as helping teachers or students find
    their optimal learning space.
     They study social, behavioral, emotional,
    and academic factors to find the best
    situation for students.
    Forensic Psychology
    • Forensic psychologists work in the intersection of the legal
    system and the field of psychology.
    • They often conduct evaluations and research that help guide
    legal proceedings. This can include helping train police
    officers and first responders on how to properly handle
    criminals and crime scenes.
    • While many forensic psychologists work within the legal
    system, some work in threat assessment, which is the
    scientific approximation of whether a person will become a
    threat in the future.
    Health Psychology
    • In 1977, George L. Engel developed the biopsychosocial
    model, or the idea that biological, psychological, and social
    factors influence disease and illness.
    • This has become the model used by health psychologists to
    study how and why people get sick.
    • These psychologists help people make choices that have a
    positive impact on their health, as well as that of their
    families and communities.
    • Their patients range from those with genetic disorders to
    substance abuse issues.

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