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    Monkey Pox-Final

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    nirmalaspandagale
    Monkeypox is a viral infection spread through close contact that causes flu-like symptoms and a distinctive rash. It was first identified in laboratory monkeys in the 1970s. While it primarily occurs in parts of Central and West Africa, the current 2022 outbreak has spread cases to other regions. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, as there are currently limited antiviral treatments available. Nurses provide supportive care and follow strict infection control protocols to prevent further spread. Public health officials are coordinating response efforts like contact tracing and ensuring access to care as the international outbreak continues.

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    Monkey Pox-Final

    Uploaded by

    nirmalaspandagale
    77 views23 pages
    Monkeypox is a viral infection spread through close contact that causes flu-like symptoms and a distinctive rash. It was first identified in laboratory monkeys in the 1970s. While it primarily occurs in parts of Central and West Africa, the current 2022 outbreak has spread cases to other regions. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, as there are currently limited antiviral treatments available. Nurses provide supportive care and follow strict infection control protocols to prevent further spread. Public health officials are coordinating response efforts like contact tracing and ensuring access to care as the international outbreak continues.

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    Monkeypox is a viral infection spread through close contact that causes flu-like symptoms and a distinctive rash. It was first identified in laboratory monkeys in the 1970s. While it primarily occurs in parts of Central and West Africa, the current 2022 outbreak has spread cases to other regions. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, as there are currently limited antiviral treatments available. Nurses provide supportive care and follow strict infection control protocols to prevent further spread. Public health officials are coordinating response efforts like contact tracing and ensuring access to care as the international outbreak continues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    77 views23 pages

    Monkey Pox-Final

    Uploaded by

    nirmalaspandagale
    Monkeypox is a viral infection spread through close contact that causes flu-like symptoms and a distinctive rash. It was first identified in laboratory monkeys in the 1970s. While it primarily occurs in parts of Central and West Africa, the current 2022 outbreak has spread cases to other regions. Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms, as there are currently limited antiviral treatments available. Nurses provide supportive care and follow strict infection control protocols to prevent further spread. Public health officials are coordinating response efforts like contact tracing and ensuring access to care as the international outbreak continues.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 23

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    Monkey Pox

    Surgical Intensive Care Unit


    By S/N Vaishali Lokhande
    & S/N Namrata Biswas
    Table Of Contents

    • What is Monkey Pox? • Complications


    • Diagnosis
    • Origin
    • Treatment
    • Regions Infected • What must be done if infected?
    • Nursing Care
    • Transmission
    • Available Vaccines
    • Vulnerable to the Virus • Scenario in India
    • Signs & Symptoms • Conclusion

    2
    What is Monkey Pox?
    • Monkey Pox is a viral Zoonosis(a virus transmitted from animals to humans).
    • It has symptoms very similar to those in the past in smallpox patients.
    • It is called “Monkey Pox” because it was first identified in Laboratory monkeys.

    Double Stranded DNA of the virus


    Belongs to the Orthopox Virus Family

    3
    Origin

    • Monkey Pox as a disease in humans


    was first associated with an illness in
    the Democratic Republic of
    Congo(formerly Zaire), in the town of
    Basankusu, Equateur Province in 1970.
    • WHO surveillance recorded 338
    confirmed cases and 33 deaths.

    4
    Regions Infected

    • 1996- Democratic Republic of Congo


    • 2003- U.S.A.
    • 2017- Nigeria
    • 2018- United Kingdom
    • 2021- Singapore
    • 2022-Parts of Europe, Asia & Africa

    5
    Regions Infected- Contd.

    • Monkey Pox primarily


    occurs in Central and West
    Africa, often in proximity to
    tropical rainforests, and has
    been increasing appearing in
    urban areas.

    6
    Transmission of the Virus

    • Animal to Human(Zoonotic)
    transmission can occur from blood,
    bodily fluids, or cutaneous or mucosal
    lesions of infected animals.
    Transmission Hosts
    • Human to Human transmission can
    result from close contact with
    respiratory secretions, skin lesions of
    an infected person or recently
    contaminated objects.
    7
    Vulnerable to the Virus

    • Most Children & Adults with healthy


    immune systems are likely to dodge
    severe illness, but there are two high
    risk groups:-
    • Infants younger than six months &
    adults below the age of 50 years are
    under high risk.

    8
    Signs & Symptoms

    • The incubation period for the • Fever


    virus is usually 7-14 days but can • Headache
    range from 5-21 days. • Muscle Aches
    • Backache
    • The illness begins with the • Swollen Lymph Nodes
    following symptoms:- • Chills
    • Exhaustion
    • Within 1-3 days(sometimes longer) after the appearance of fever, the patient develops a rash, often beginning on
    the face then spreading to other parts of the body.
    9
    Signs & Symptoms-Contd.

    • Lesions progress through the following stages before falling off:-

    Macules Papules Vesicles Pustules Crusts

    10
    A Photo Gallery

    11
    Complications
    • Complications of Monkey Pox
    can include secondary
    infections, bronchopneumonia,
    sepsis, encephalitis, and
    infection of the cornea with
    ensuing loss of vision. The
    extent to which asymptomatic Sepsis
    Bronchopneumonia
    infection may occur is unknown.

    15
    Encephalitis
    Diagnosis

    • The clinical differential diagnosis that must be considered are:-


    1. Other Rash illnesses like, Chickenpox
    2. Measles
    3. Scabies
    4. Syphilis
    5. Medication associated allergies
    6. Lymphadenopathy

    16
    Treatment

    • Treatment for Monkey Pox is mostly symptomatic, as there is no specific antiviral treatment.
    • It is suggested to avoid touching lesions and sores, taking paracetamol & eye drops for relief
    and rinsing mouths regularly.
    • There are currently 2 antiviral drugs that may be used for monkeypox infections: tecovirimat
    and Brin cidofovir. Tecovirimat prevents formation of the viral envelope by inhibiting p37, a
    highly conserved protein in all Orth poxviruses.
    • Vaccine Immunoglobulin recommended for severe cases.

    17
    What must be done if infected?
    A smallpox vaccine can provide protection against monkeypox, but its use is currently
    limited to people who work in a lab with the variola (smallpox) virus. Prevention depends
    on decreasing human contact with infected animals and limiting person-to-person spread.
    Monkey Pox Virus can be prevented by:
    •Avoiding contact with infected animals (especially sick or dead animals).
    •Avoiding contact with bedding and other materials contaminated with the virus.
    •Washing hands with soap and water after coming into contact with an infected animal.
    •Thoroughly cooking all foods that contain animal meat or parts.
    •Avoiding contact with people who may be infected with the virus.
    •Using personal protective equipment (PPE) when caring for people infected with the virus. 18
    Nursing Care

    Care for a patient with Monkeypox is supportive. A person


    can do the following to provide supportive care for the
    patient:-
    • Place him in a negative-pressure room(preferably) or a private room.
    • Inititate contact, droplet, and airborne precautions.
    • Use a face-shield or goggles if splashing or spraying of body fluids
    might occur.
    • Strictly follow infection control protocols for hand hygiene and
    disinfection or disposal of equipment and fomites.
    19
    Nursing Care-Contd.

    If a patient with monkeypox is recovering at home, he should be isolated in a private


    room and minimize contact with others. The following must be done to prevent
    infection hazard:-
    • Don’t shake bedding, towels, or clothing which may release airborne droplets.
    • Launder bedding and clothing with warm water in the washing machine and dryer.
    • Don’t share dishes or eating utensils with the patient. Clean the patient’s dishes &
    utensils with soap and warm water.
    • Clean and disinfect contaminated surfaces with a standard household disinfectant.
    • Place soiled dressings and disposable medical equipment in a plastic bag and place it
    in another container for disposal with the household trash.
    20
    Available Vaccines

    At this time, there are no specific treatments available for monkey pox infection, but the
    outbreaks can be controlled. The available vaccines are:-
    • Small Pox Vaccine
    • Cidofovir & Brin cidofovir(CMX001)
    • Tecovirimat(TPOXX, ST-246)
    • Vaccinia Immuno Globulin(VIG)

    21
    Smallpox Vaccine
    Scenario in India
    • As of date, there are no cases of monkeypox in India.
    • The Union government has issued instructions to states and Union territories to keep an eye on people
    who show symptoms associated with monkeypox and have a history of travelling to the affected
    countries.
    • The Centre has also state that suspected samples would be sent to the National Institute of Virology,
    Pune (NIV) for diagnosis.
    • The National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) has instructed states and Union territories to move
    suspected cases to an isolation centers and keep them until all lesions have resolved and a fresh layer of
    skin has formed or until the treating physician decides to end isolation.
    • Also, if cases continue to increase, the government could start random screening of people arriving
    from affected countries.
    22
    Conclusion

    Monkeypox virus is a highly contagious orthopoxvirus that is currently causing a global


    outbreak. Control of this growing international outbreak will require careful
    coordination among public health officials, clinicians, and the community to
    disseminate information, obtain appropriate diagnostic testing, implement contact
    tracing, and ensure that affected individuals and their contacts have access to medical
    care.

    23

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