1-Pin Retained Restoration

restoration of
badly broken
down teeth
alla
Abd
ali
classification of coronal
destruction
location and extend of destruction 

play a role in the selection of
;materials and design of cavity
:Destruction can be classified into 

one cusp missing pin retained ag
two cusps missing pin retained ag
inlay or onlay
onlay
three cusps missing
pins+ crown
pins
I-Pin Retained
Amalgam
:Definition of pins
: pin retained restoration 
Any restoration requiring the 
placement of one or two pins in dentin
:to
provide adequate retention form and or 
resistance form
indications
When a large areas of clinical crown have been lost because-1 
of caries or trauma but the pulp still vital
In case of heavily restored tooth premolars and molars and s-2 

.ubject to fracture of buccal or lingual cusps
Often when a cavity prepared in the lower first mol-3 

ars , the fifth disto-buccal cusps seriously subject to
traumatic undermining , if this is so , it’s better to re
move this cusp completely and dong the pin retaine
.d restoration

When there is a mutilated tooth and it is-4 
considered an strategically important tooth
for a bridge work i.e. as an abutment for
bridge work , so it’s better to do a pin ret
ained restoration pin retained amalgam re
storation which become ready for the cro
wn and the bridge work as a retainer

Following the root canal treatment , due to th -5 
e tooth or the remaining tooth structure truly in
need for strengthening after it is being lost it’s
vitality and a large amount of tooth structure , s
o for some instances the tooth may be get a pr
otection by doing pin retained restoration espe
cially by using the adhesive restoration that ten
d to increase the fracture resistance of the toot
h and the full protection will be gained or produ
ced through preparation of crown or full cov
.erage restoration

types of pins
cemented friction locked self threaded

Cemnted-1
(markly)
pin hole
pin trial
pin adjustment
cement
pin cemented
:advantage of this technique
because the cemented pin does not produce i -1 
nternal stresses and craze lines in the dentin it's
the pin of choice for use in restoration of root
canal treated teeth
pins can be measured ,cut,bent,trial fitted befo -2 
.re cementation
They are available in three diameters to suit -3 
.avariety conditions
any length of pin can be used and easily to -4 
be shaped as L shape or U shape and this is u
sufull in some class Iv cavities when pin retent
.ion for composite resins is needed
Disadvantages of markely technique
retention of pins is not as good as other method te-1 

chnique or
length and direction of pins cannot be changed aft-2 
.er cement has set
the method is more complicated than other 2 meth-3 
ods in that more instruments and materials are need
.ed
because zinc phosphate cement are irritant to the de 
ntino pulpal organ a cavity varnish might be used be
.fore cementation into holes
Unitek system or -2
friction lock pins
pins are supplied in deffrent three lengths ( 
.9.5, 7.9, 4.5 mm)with 0.55 mm in diameter
the diameter of pinhole is (0.025 -0.03 mm)small 
.er than that of pin
the depth of pinhole should be 2-4 mm deep 
pinhole are made in dentin with special drill and 
placed by means of pin seeter which can be eith
.er straight or bayonet shaped
pins are tapped into holes retained by resiliency 
of dentin and are 2-3 times are retentive than ce
.mented pins
stresses are created in the dentin when pin is t 
apped to place and may result in lateral cracks
.prependicular to the axis of the pins
pulpal stresses is maximal when lateral surface 
.of friction-locked pin is adjacent to the pulp
microleakage occur to a greater degree around 
friction locked pins than around thread-mate s
.ystem
cavity varnish applied to pinhole doesnot reduc 
.e the retentive ability of the friction-locked pin
advantages of unitek method
instruments less expensive than those needed for t 

.hread mate system
no nessesary to varnish the holes before fixing pi 
.ns due to no need for cementing medium
give more retention force or means than cemented 
type pins
disadvantages of unitek method
for any reason when the access technique is not goo 

d and poor the techniaue become very difficult to ac
.complished
the problems onvolved in using the tap or wedged pi 
.ns that straight wires or pins being used
they cannot easily removed if the case necessary aft 
.er they are seated in the tooth
the pins cannot be bent after fixing in the tooth so re 
sult in fracture of the portion of the tooth so pin mus
.t not be bent because of the losing the tooth
sometimes in careless malleting and handling condit 
.ions enamel fracture occur
Thread mate-3
system
thread mate system thread mate system
diameter of prepared pinhole is(0.038-0.1 
mm)smaller than that of pin,there is a ma
nual hand latch or pin seeter being used f
or insertion and twisting of the pins inside
the holes when the access to cavity is go
od
but when is not,using contra angle at 200- 
500 r.p.m very slow speed with clutch to
control the depth to which the pin go thro
.ugh to bottom of hole
the pin is retained by the threads engagin 
.g the resilient dentin as its inserted
it's 5 -6 times more retentive than c 
emented pin and 2-3 times grater tha
.n the friction lock pins
lateral and apical pressures can be c 
reated in the dentin when self thread
. ing pins are inserted
insertion of these pins produce more 
crazing of the dentin than other two t
.ypes
: advantage of TMS method 
the technique can be cosidered the easiest 
.of three types of pin retained restorations
the retention and resistence for the restorat 
ion considered the greatest one than the ot
.hers
pins can be bent after insertion and fixed in 
sound dentin without fracture of the tooth s
.tructure
no need for the intermediary cement materi 
al for fixation of pins so no further irritation
.could be result
:disadvantages of TMS method 
this system is considered an expensive tech 

.nique with it's tools and materials
it's advise not to use in cases of old ages p 
atients as the dentis loss it's elasticity and i
n cases of endodontically treated teeth as th
e tooth liable for fracture during insertion o
.f pins
Pin technique
pin size 
.pin No 
location 
design 
drilling pinhole 
pin placement 
size
TMS can be obtained in 4 different 
:diameters
)regular, minim, minkin and and minuta( 
:and in several different designs 

standard, 2 in one, self shearing type( 
diameter
Pin Hole 
regular .78 .68mm 

minim .61 .53mm 
minikin .48 .38mm 
minuta .38 .34mm 
two factors affect selection of
:size
amount of dentin available

amount of retention
for posterior teeth=minikin and minim

for anterior teeth=minim
number
.several factors affect No 
amount of missing tooth structure-1 
amount of dentin available-2 
amount of retention required-3 
size of pin 
ONE PIN FOR MISSING AXIAL LA

SHOULD BE USED
LOCATION
no closer than .5-1mm to DEJ 

or no closer than 1-1.5 mm to 
external tooth surface
not close to vertical wall 
prepared on flat surface 
interpin distance =3mm 
pinhole drillingِِِِِ
al shank
kodex drill
high speed tool steel
Round
bur
start point
drill
hand piece at very low speed 300-500 apply

pressure and prepare pinhole in one movement
Pin hole
design
standard
in 1 2
self shearing
placement
chucks
.wrench
pin placement
pin
…Bending
factors affecting the retention of
the pin in dentin and amalgam
:types of pins-1 
self threading pins offer three times more rete 
.ntion than friction lock a nd cemented ones
:numbers of pins-2 
within limits increasing the number of pins increase r 
.etention in dentin and in amalgam
but at the same time dentin crazing and fracture pote 
ntial increase
the amount of dentin available between pins become 
.less and amalgam resistence also decrease
so when determining the number of pins to be used 
u must take into cosideration several factors and kno
w the problems which might be
:size of pins-3 
within limits as the diameter of pins inc 

rease retention in dentin and malgam i
ncrease. increase diameter of pin increa
se the force which is required to displa
ce or fracture or debonding pin from to
.oth
the danger of pulpal penetration and ext 
ernal perforation increase as number, de
.pth, diameter of pins increase
A large no. and excessive length of pins 
can severely compromise condensation
of amalgam and its adaptation to the
.pins
:the depth of pin-4 
it's better to select and choose the system of 

pin that give us a maximum retention with sh
ort extension in sound dentin to avoid perfora
tion to surrounding peridontium or pulp cham
. ber
cemented p in increase its retention by increasi 
ng its depth in dentin but on the other hand
self threading pin achieved their maximum ret
.ention within 2mm in dentin
. 
drilling should be done against 
flat surface. drilling against a sl
oping surface makes calculation
of pinhole depth difficult
RESTORATIVE MATERIALS
PLACEMENT
AUTOMATRIX OR CUPPER BAND
HIGH CU
AMALGAM
AMALGAM
PIN
II-SLOT RETAINED AMAGAM
AND AMAGAM PIN
Failure of pin retained
:restorations
broken drill and broken pin-1 
loose pin-2
penetration into pulp and external-3

tooth surface
broken drill and broken pin-1 
causes
drill will break if stressed laterally or stop
rotating before removal from pin hole
treatment
another location1.5mm from the first one


loose pin-2
pin hole is too large
treatment
removed and use another one

hole is prepared with next large drill and
pin
cemented

penetration into pulp and external-3
tooth surface
penetration into pulp

treated as exposure

penetration external tooth surface-3
cut of
occlusal to
gingival cut of+ preparation
attachment extend gingival
removed and hole
restored w amlgam

penetration external tooth surface-3
surgical exposure,
apical to enlarge hole and
gingival restored w amalgam
attachment
crown lengthening
procedures
+amalgam
see u next
lecturer

1-Pin Retained Restoration

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restoration of

location and extend of destruction 

:Destruction can be classified into 

two cusps missing pin retained ag

In case of heavily restored tooth premolars and molars and s-2 

Often when a cavity prepared in the lower first mol-3 

cemented friction locked self threaded

retention of pins is not as good as other method te-1 

instruments less expensive than those needed for t 

for any reason when the access technique is not goo 

this system is considered an expensive tech 

:and in several different designs 

regular .78 .68mm 

amount of dentin available

for posterior teeth=minikin and minim

ONE PIN FOR MISSING AXIAL LA

no closer than .5-1mm to DEJ 

hand piece at very low speed 300-500 apply

within limits as the diameter of pins inc 

it's better to select and choose the system of 

penetration into pulp and external-3

another location1.5mm from the first one

removed and use another one

penetration into pulp

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