Subject: SCIENCE

Teacher: Daniel B. Sefa

Date: October 2, 2023

SIA4 Leadership Innovation Social Entrepreneurship Community Service& Engagement

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Objectives & outcomes
At the end of the Lesson students should be able;
• Identify the different components of blood.
• To list the functions of these components.

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Starter
• Can someone actually cry blood?

• What is blood made up of?

• Why does the body need blood?
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Components of Blood

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• There are different amounts of the four components in the
blood. The components of the blood shown as percentages

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Red blood cells

contain haemoglobin - a red

protein that combines with
oxygen
they have no nucleus so they
can contain more haemoglobin
small and flexible so that they
can fit through narrow blood
vessels
their job is to transport oxygen

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• Red blood cells are the most numerous cell in the blood. In
one drop of blood there are around 3-5 million red blood
cells. They are made in bone marrow.
• Bone marrow is a soft and spongy tissue that fills the inside
of some of your bones.

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White blood cells
• Larger than red blood cells
• They have a nucleus
• They defend the body by
fighting germs that cause
disease
• Produce chemicals called
antibodies - a protein that
attacks and kill germs
preventing us from getting
ill.

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Platelets Plasma
• involved in blood clotting and • a straw-coloured liquid
scab formation to stop • mainly water
bleeding if your skin is cut
• transports carbon dioxide,
digested food, urea,
hormones and heat

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• A scab is a rough surface made of dried blood that forms
over a cut or broken skin while it is healing.

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THE
CIRCULATORY
SYSTEM
The circulatory system
consists of:
• a system of tubes
(arteries, capillaries
and veins)
• a pump (the heart)
• valves to ensure a
one-way flow of blood

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Arteries and veins

• You have about 5.5 litres of blood in your body

That’s is the same amount of liquid as there is in these cola
bottles!
• Blood travels around the body in tubes called arteries, veins or
capillaries
• Arteries carry blood away from the heart towards an organ
• Veins carry blood from an organ towards the heart.
• An easy way to remember this is: Arteries Away or Vein In

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• Blood full of oxygen is called oxygenated blood. Blood with
oxygen removed is called deoxygenated blood.
• So, arteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heart,
veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart
• One important exception: unlike all other arteries and veins,
the pulmonary artery (from the heart to the lungs) carries
blood with oxygen removed and the pulmonary vein (from
the lungs to the heart) carries blood full of oxygen.

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Artery
• Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart
• Have thick muscular walls because the blood they contain is
at high pressure
• Have small diameter passageways for blood to pass through
• Blood flows quickly

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Vein

• Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart

• Have thin walls because they contain blood at low pressure
• Have larger diameter passageway for blood to pass through
• Blood flows more slowly
• Have valves to prevent low pressure blood flowing
backwards

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Capillary

• Much smaller than arteries and veins

• Only one cell thick
• Substances such as oxygen, glucose and carbon dioxide can
diffuse through them
• Blood is at very low pressure
• Where gas exchange takes place - oxygen passes through the
thin capillary wall and into the tissues, while carbon dioxide
passes from the tissues into the blood
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Mini plenary 1 /progress checking
• In which direction do arteries carry blood?

• Away from the heart

• Towards the heart

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• Which of these is an adaptation of a vein?

• Elastic walls
• One way valves
• Thick muscular walls

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• What are the smallest vessels which carry blood called?

• Veins
• Tubes
• Capillaries
• Arteries

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1. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry
blood to the heart.
2. Veins have one way valves because the blood is under low
pressure.
3. The smallest blood vessels are capillaries.

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Double circulation

• The human circulatory system is a double circulatory

system. It has two separate circuits and blood passes
through the heart twice:
• the pulmonary circuit is between the heart and lungs
• the systemic circuit is between the heart and the other
organs

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Pulmonary circuit

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• The pulmonary circuit transports blood to the lungs. The
blood is oxygenated there and then carried back to the
heart. Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide happens in
the lungs:
• carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the air in the
alveoli
• oxygen diffuses from the air in the alveoli into the blood, and
is absorbed by the red blood cells

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• Reminder: Unlike all other arteries and veins, the
pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood and the
pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood.

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Systemic circuit
• Systemic circulation takes place between the heart and other
organs

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• The systemic circuit transports blood around the rest of the
body. It transports oxygen and nutrients from the heart to
the body tissues and carries away deoxygenated blood
containing carbon dioxide and other waste materials, which
arrive back at the heart.

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The heart
• The heart is made of a special muscle called cardiac
muscle which can tighten, or contract, regularly. It's job is to
pump blood around your body. It is about the size of a
clenched fist.

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• Unlike the rest of your muscles, your heart expands and
contracts, non-stop, all day and all night for your entire life
without a break. About 38 million times a year! Without
getting tired!!

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• It pumps the blood which fills it up into arteries which carry
the blood to the lungs or around the body.
• the right side pumps blood through the pulmonary circuit to
the lungs
• the left side pumps blood through the systemic circuit to the
rest of the body

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• the left side has thicker walls because it needs to put the
blood under higher pressure than the right side because this
blood must be able to flow to the furthest parts of the body
• a septum separates the right and left sides

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 • In general, blood flows into the
heart from a vein, goes into an
atrium, then a ventricle, and out
through an artery.
• The valves prevent the blood
flowing backwards.

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Mini plenary 2 /checking understanding and progress.

1. In which direction do arteries carry blood?

A. Away from the heart
B. Towards the heart
• 2. Which of these is an adaptation of a vein?
A. One way valves
B. Thick muscular walls
C. Elastic walls

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3. What are the smallest vessels which carry blood called?
• Tubes
• Capillaries
• Arteries
• Veins

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4. Where does the left ventricle pump blood to?
• Rest of body
• Lungs
• Left atrium
• Right atrium

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5. By which process does oxygen move from your blood to
the tissues?
• Osmosis
• Respiration
• Diffusion
• Active transport

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6. Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood?

• Pulmonary artery
• Pulmonary vein
• Aorta
• Vena cava

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1. Arteries carry blood away from the heart and veins carry
blood to the heart.
2. Veins have one way valves because the blood is under low
pressure. They don't need thick muscular or elastic walls.
3. The smallest blood vessels are capillaries.
4. The left ventricle pumps blood to the rest of the body.
5. Oxygen moves into cells by diffusion.

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6. The pulmonary vein carries blood with oxygen from the
lungs to the heart. The pulmonary artery carries blood to the
lungs. The aorta carries blood to the body. The vena cava
carries blood from the body.

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We Do: Title: (Time) (Teacher and
Learners)

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Mini plenary 3 / checking understanding and progress.

Teacher types sample questions he/she will use to check

understanding and progress.

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You Do: Title: (Time) (Learner –led with Teacher
facilitation and Progress-checking with feed back)

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Plenary Final checking understanding and progress.
Exit ticket
1. What have you learned from this lesson?
2. What I am taking with from this lesson is…
3. Teacher can use a variety of questions to check progress.

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