OPEN SOURCE TOOLS

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO OPEN SOURCES
what is an open source tool?
An open source tool refers to a software tool or application that is released under an
open source license. Open source software allows users to view, modify, and
distribute the source code, providing them with the freedom to use, customize, and
share the tool as they see fit.
Following are few examples:
 GNU/Linux
 Mozilla Firefox
 VLC media player
 GIMP
 Android operating system
 Apache web server
 LibreOffice
 jQuery
https://blog.digitalogy.co/top-open-source-software-examples
By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM
Closed source software refers to the computer software which source code is closed means
public is not given access to the source code. In short it is referred as CSS.
• In closed source software the source code is protected.

• The only individual or organization who has created the software can only change it.

• The price of closed source software is high and users need to have valid and authenticated
license to use the software. As it issues an authenticated license, it also puts a lot of
restrictions on users based on usability and modification of software.

• Some examples of closed source software are:

• Skype,
• Google earth,
• Java,
• Adobe Flash,
• Adobe Reader,
• Microsoft office,
• Microsoft Windows,
• WinRAR,
• mac OS,

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

HISTORY

• In the beginning, all software was free

• in the 1960s ,when IBM and others sold the first large-scale computers, these
machines came with software which was free.
• This software could be freely shared among users,
• The software came written in a programming language (source code
available), and it could be improved and modified.
• Manufacturers were happy that people were writing software that made their
machines useful.
• Then proprietary software dominated the software landscape as manufacturers
removed access to the source code.
• IBM and others realized that most users couldn’t or didn’t want to “fix” their
own software and
• There was money to be made in leasing or licensing software.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

• By the mid-1970s almost all software was proprietary
• “Proprietary software is software that is owned by an individual or a
company (usually the one that developed it). There are almost always
major restrictions on its use, and its source code is almost always kept
secret.” users were not allowed to redistribute it,
(1)

• source code is not available

• users cannot modify the programs.
• Software is an additional product that was for sale
• In 1980 US copyright law was modified to include software (1)

Adapted from http://eu.conecta.it/paper/brief_history_open_source.html

(1) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free_software

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

• In late 1970s and early 1980s, two different groups started what
became known as the open source software movement:
• East coast, Richard Stallman (1985), formerly a programmer at the
MIT AI Lab, launched the GNU Project and the Free Software
Foundation.

• “to satisfy the need for and give the benefit of ‘software freedom’ to computer
users.” (1)
• ultimate goal of the GNU Project was to build a free operating system.
• the GNU General Public License (GPL) was designed to ensure that the software
produced by GNU will remain free, and to promote the production of more and
more free software.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

• West coast, the Computer Science Research Group (CSRG) of the University
of California at Berkeley was improving the Unix system, and building
applications which quickly become “BSD Unix”.
• Unix was initially developed by AT&T employees (1)
• efforts were funded mainly by DARPA contracts
• a network of Unix programmers around the world helped to debug, maintain and
improve the system.
• in late 1980s, distributed under the ``BSD license'' (one of the first open source
licenses).
• Unfortunately, still contained some components that were proprietary requiring a
license from AT&T

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

• 1991-1992, the open source world improved
• In California, Bill Jolitz implementing a version of BSD Unix free of AT &
T’s copyright.
• The work was covered by the BSD license making it completely free.
• It included other free software GNU licenses
• Also during 1991-1992
• In Finland, Linus Torvalds, a Finnish computer science student, was
implementing the first versions of Linux.
• Other people joined to collaboration to create the GNU/Linux operating
system.
• By 1993, both GNU/Linux and BSD Unix were free stable operating
environments.
• Both continue to evolve

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

1.2 NEED OF OPEN SOURCES
1.Transparency: Open source software provides transparency in its development process. The source code is openly available,
allowing anyone to inspect, review, and modify it. This transparency promotes trust and security as potential vulnerabilities or
backdoors can be identified and fixed by a global community of developers.

2.Collaboration: Open source software encourages collaboration among developers worldwide. Developers from diverse
backgrounds can contribute their skills and expertise to improve the software. This collaborative approach often leads to faster
innovation, bug fixes, and feature enhancements.

3.Cost-effective: Open source software is typically free to use, which eliminates licensing costs. This affordability makes it an
attractive option, especially for individuals, small businesses, and organizations with limited budgets. Furthermore, open source
software can be customized and tailored to specific needs without incurring additional expenses.

4.Flexibility and customization: Open source software offers the flexibility to modify and customize the code according to
specific requirements. This level of customization allows organizations to adapt the software to fit their workflows, integrate it
with existing systems, or extend its functionality. Developers can modify the source code to add features, fix bugs, or optimize
performance.

5.Avoiding vendor lock-in: Open source software reduces the risk of vendor lock-in, where users become dependent on a
specific vendor's proprietary software. With open source alternatives, users are not tied to a particular vendor and have the
freedom to switch between different solutions without significant barriers.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

6. Community support: Open source software often has vibrant communities surrounding them. These
communities provide support through forums, documentation, and online resources. Users can seek help,
ask questions, and share knowledge, ensuring that assistance is available even without formal customer
support.

7. Rapid innovation: Open source software fosters innovation by encouraging developers to build upon
existing solutions. Developers can leverage the work done by others, enabling them to focus on creating
new features or solving unique challenges rather than reinventing the wheel. This collaborative
environment promotes the sharing of ideas and expertise, leading to rapid innovation cycles.

8. Long-term sustainability: Open source software tends to have better long-term sustainability compared
to proprietary software. Even if the original developer or organization behind the software discontinues
support, the open source nature allows others to step in and continue its development, ensuring its
longevity.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

1.3 ADVANTAGES OF OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE
Cost: Open source software is generally free, which means organizations can use it without
any licensing fees.
Customization: Since the source code is available, developers can modify and customize the
software to meet specific requirements.
Community Support: Open source software has a large community of users who contribute to
documentation, bug fixes, and improvements.
Security: With open source software, security vulnerabilities can be detected and fixed quickly
by the community.
Transparency: Since the source code is open, users can see how the software works and what
data it collects.
Collaboration and innovation: Global collaboration and contributions to the creation of
software projects are made possible by open source, leading to faster innovation and the
creation of more advanced and reliable software.

The creation of the Linux operating system is a prime illustration of how

open source promotes cooperation and innovation. Linus Torvalds founded the open-source
Linux project in 1991. It is one of the most popular open-source projects in history and is
widely used in servers, smartphones and other devices today.
By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM
1.4 Principles of the Open Source

Transparency: Transparency is another key principle of open source software. The source code is
available for anyone to view, so anyone can see how the software works and how it is being
developed. This transparency helps to build trust between users and developers.

Collaboration: Open source software is a collaborative effort, with developers from all over the world
contributing to the code. This collaboration allows for rapid innovation and helps to ensure that the
software is of high quality.

Release early and often: Rapid prototypes can lead to rapid discoveries. An iterative approach leads
to better solutions faster. When you're free to experiment, you can look at problems in new ways and
seek answers in new places. You can learn by doing.

Freedom: Freedom is another important principle of open source software. Users are free to use the
software for any purpose, and to modify it to suit their needs. This freedom allows users to create
custom solutions that fit their specific needs.

Community: Communities form when different people unite around a common purpose. Shared
values guide decision making, and community goals supersede individual interests and agendas.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

1.5 Standard requirements
While there are no strict standard requirements for all open source software, there are certain practices
and principles that are commonly followed within the open source community. Here are some standard
requirements or expectations for open source software:
1.Open source license: Open source software should be released under an approved open source license,
such as the GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License, Apache License, or Creative Commons
licenses. The license should grant users the freedom to use, modify, distribute, and redistribute the
software.
2.Source code availability: The source code of the software should be made readily available to the users.
This allows users to examine, modify, and build upon the code. The source code should be distributed
alongside the compiled or executable version of the software.
3.Documentation: Open source software should include clear and comprehensive documentation,
providing instructions on installation, configuration, and usage. Documentation helps users understand the
software's functionality, features, and any specific requirements.
4.Community engagement: Open source software should encourage community engagement and
participation. This involves creating a welcoming and inclusive environment for developers, contributors,
and users. Open source projects often have forums, mailing lists, issue trackers, and collaborative
platforms for communication and collaboration.
5.Version control and collaboration tools: Open source software projects commonly use version control
systems like Git, Mercurial, or Subversion to manage the source code and facilitate collaboration among
contributors. These tools enable developers to track changes, manage branches, and merge contributions.
By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM
6. Bug tracking and issue management: Open source software projects typically have
systems in place to track bugs, issues, and feature requests. This allows users and
developers to report problems, suggest improvements, and track progress. Popular bug
tracking systems include Bugzilla, JIRA, and GitHub Issues.
7. Testing and quality assurance: Open source software should undergo testing and quality
assurance processes to ensure its reliability and stability. This may involve automated
tests, manual testing, code reviews, and continuous integration (CI) systems to catch and
address bugs and vulnerabilities.
8. Collaboration guidelines: Open source projects often have guidelines or contributing
documentation that outline the expectations for contributors, including coding standards,
documentation conventions, and the process for submitting patches or pull requests. These
guidelines ensure a consistent and collaborative approach to development.
9. License compatibility: Open source software should be compatible with other open source
licenses. If the software incorporates third-party libraries or components, their licenses
should be compatible with the main open source license to avoid conflicts.
10. Community governance: Many open source projects have established governance models
to guide decision-making processes within the community. This may involve core
maintainers, project leads, or steering committees responsible for overseeing the project's
direction, resolving conflicts, and managing contributions.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

1.5 FOSS (Free and Open Source Software)

FOSS stands for Free and Open Source Software. It refers to software that is freely available for use, modification,
and distribution, and whose source code is openly accessible. FOSS embodies the principles of openness,
collaboration, and user freedom. Here are some key characteristics of FOSS:

1.Freedom to use: FOSS allows users to run the software for any purpose, without any restrictions.

2. Freedom to study: FOSS provides users with access to the source code, enabling them to examine how the
software works and understand its underlying logic.

3. Freedom to modify: FOSS permits users to modify the software's source code to suit their specific needs. This
customization empowers users to adapt the software to their requirements, add new features, or fix bugs.

4. Freedom to distribute: FOSS allows users to share copies of the software with others, either for free or for a fee.
This freedom promotes the widespread availability and accessibility of the software.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

FOSS offers numerous benefits, including:

a. Cost savings: FOSS is often available at no cost, reducing expenses for individuals, organizations,
and businesses. It eliminates the need for costly software licenses and allows users to allocate
resources elsewhere.

b. Flexibility and customization: FOSS provides the flexibility to customize and tailor the software to
specific needs. Users can modify the source code, integrate it with other systems, or extend its
functionality.

c. Security and reliability: With open access to the source code, the FOSS community can collectively
review, audit, and enhance the software's security. Potential vulnerabilities can be identified and
addressed quickly, leading to more secure and reliable software.

d. Community collaboration: FOSS fosters collaboration among a global community of developers,

who contribute their skills, knowledge, and expertise to improve the software. This collaborative
approach leads to rapid innovation, bug fixes, and feature enhancements.
e. Avoiding vendor lock-in: FOSS reduces the risk of being locked into a specific vendor's proprietary
software. Users have the freedom to switch between different FOSS solutions, ensuring independence
and flexibility.
f. Long-term sustainability: FOSS tends to have better long-term sustainability compared to
proprietary software. Even if the original developer or organization discontinues support, the open nature
of FOSS allows others to step in and continue By
itsINDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM
development.
FOSS Examples

● Linux (operating system)

● KDE, GNOME, Xfce (desktop environments)
● Android (phone operating system/environment)
● Apache (web server)
● MySQL, PostgreSQL (DBMS's/servers)
● Perl, PHP, Python (scripting languages)
● OpenOffice (office software suite)
● GCC (GNU compiler collection)
• GNU toolchain: Autoconf, make, etc.
● Git, Subversion, CVS (version control systems)
● OpenSSH (SSH server)
● Sendmail, Postfix (email transport software)
● Octave (GNU Matlab clone)
● GIMP (image manipulation a la Photoshop)
● Wordpress (blogging)
● Drupal (content management system)

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

FOSS

The history of Free and Open Source Software (FOSS) can be traced back to the early days of computing. Here
is a brief overview of key milestones and developments in the history of FOSS:

1.The Free Software Movement (1980s): The foundation of FOSS can be attributed to the Free Software
Movement, initiated by Richard Stallman in the 1980s. Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation (FSF)
and developed the GNU Project, aiming to create a complete Unix-like operating system composed entirely of
free software.
2.GNU General Public License (GPL) (1989): Richard Stallman released the first version of the GNU General
Public License (GPL), which is a widely used open source license. The GPL ensured that software released
under it would remain free and open source, requiring derivative works to be distributed under the same license.
3.Linux (1991): Linus Torvalds created the Linux kernel, an open source Unix-like operating system kernel.
Linux combined with the GNU software tools created by the FSF formed the basis for what is commonly
referred to as the Linux operating system. Linux gained popularity, and its success helped propel the FOSS
movement forward.
4.Apache HTTP Server (1995): The Apache HTTP Server, developed by the Apache Software Foundation,
became one of the most popular web servers worldwide. It demonstrated the power and scalability of FOSS and
played a significant role in the growth of the World Wide Web.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

5. Open Source Initiative (OSI) (1998): The term "open source" was coined to convey the benefits of
FOSS to a broader audience. The Open Source Initiative (OSI) was formed to promote and advocate
for the open source development model. The OSI defined the Open Source Definition and maintained
a list of approved open source licenses.
6. Mozilla Firefox (2004): The Mozilla Foundation released the Firefox web browser as an open source
alternative to Internet Explorer. Firefox gained significant market share and demonstrated that FOSS
could compete with proprietary software in mainstream applications.
7. Open Source in Enterprises (2000s onwards): FOSS began to gain traction in enterprise environments,
with organizations recognizing its benefits in terms of cost savings, flexibility, and security.
Companies like Red Hat, which focused on providing enterprise-grade Linux distributions and
support, played a crucial role in promoting FOSS adoption in businesses.
8. Expansion of FOSS Ecosystem: The FOSS ecosystem expanded to cover a wide range of software
categories, including content management systems (e.g., WordPress, Drupal), databases (e.g.,
MySQL, PostgreSQL), office suites (e.g., LibreOffice), programming languages (e.g., Python, Ruby),
and more.
9. Collaboration Platforms and Version Control Systems: The emergence of collaboration platforms like
GitHub and version control systems like Git further facilitated the collaborative development of
FOSS. These platforms made it easier for developers to contribute, track changes, and manage
projects.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

1.6 COPYRIGHTS, PATENTS, LICENSES, AND CONTRACTS:

Copyrights, licenses, and contracts play crucial roles in protecting intellectual property rights and governing the
use and distribution of software. Here's how these elements apply to FOSS.

1. Copyrights in FOSS: Copyright protection applies to the source code of FOSS. The original creators or
contributors of FOSS hold the copyright to their respective code contributions. They have the exclusive rights to
control the reproduction, distribution, and modification of their code. Copyright automatically applies to
eligible works upon creation, and it lasts for a specific period of time.

2. FOSS Licenses: FOSS licenses define the terms and conditions under which users can use, modify, and
distribute the software. FOSS licenses, such as the GNU General Public License (GPL), MIT License, Apache
License, and others, ensure that the software remains open source and grant specific rights to users. These
licenses vary in their requirements, ranging from copyleft licenses that mandate derivative works to be released
under the same license (e.g., GPL) to permissive licenses that allow more flexibility in how the code is used and
distributed (e.g., MIT License).

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

3. Patents: Patents are legal protections granted to inventors for new inventions or processes. They provide
exclusive rights to the patent holder, preventing others from making, using, or selling the patented invention
without permission. FOSS patents that are either held by contributors to FOSS projects or are deemed to
cover technologies or innovations implemented in FOSS.

4. Contracts in FOSS: Contracts are less common in the FOSS context but can still play a role, especially
in commercial settings or when multiple parties collaborate on a project. Contracts can outline the terms and
agreements between contributors, specifying ownership, licensing, and other obligations related to the FOSS
project. They can also establish responsibilities and warranties when FOSS is used or integrated into
proprietary products.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

FOSS (Free and Open Source Software) presents unique legal considerations related to copyrights,
patents, contracts, and licenses. Here are some key issues to be aware of in each area:

1.Copyrights in FOSS:
1. Give credit to the original authors when using or sharing FOSS.
2. Understand which licenses are compatible with each other to avoid conflicts.
2.Patents in FOSS:
1. Be aware of potential patent infringement when using FOSS.
2. Some organizations acquire patents to protect the FOSS community from patent lawsuits.
3.Contracts in FOSS:
1. Contributors may need to sign agreements to clarify ownership and licensing terms.
2. Some FOSS projects offer dual licensing options for commercial use.
4.Licenses in FOSS:
1. Follow the rules of FOSS licenses you use, such as giving proper attribution.
2. Ensure compatibility between different FOSS licenses to avoid problems.

In summary, respect the rights of authors, be mindful of patent issues, clarify agreements when
contributing, and comply with FOSS licenses to avoid legal complications.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

1.7 APPLICATIONS OF OPEN SOURCES

Open-source software (OSS) has a wide range of applications across various domains. Here are some
common applications of open-source software:

1. Operating Systems: Open-source operating systems, such as Linux, provide alternatives to proprietary
systems like Windows and macOS. They are used in servers, personal computers, mobile devices, and
embedded systems.
2. Web Development: Many popular web technologies and frameworks, including Apache, Nginx, Node.js,
and WordPress, are open source. They enable the creation of websites, web applications, and content
management systems.
3. Databases: Open-source databases like MySQL, PostgreSQL, and MongoDB are widely used for
managing and storing structured and unstructured data in various applications, from small-scale projects
to large enterprise systems.
4. Content Management Systems (CMS): Open-source CMS platforms, such as WordPress, Drupal, and
Joomla, provide tools for creating and managing websites and digital content, making them popular
among individuals, businesses, and organizations.
5. Development Tools: Open-source development tools, including programming languages like Python,
Java, and PHP, as well as integrated development environments (IDEs) like Eclipse and Visual Studio
Code, support software development across different domains.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

6. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning: Open-source frameworks like TensorFlow, PyTorch, and
scikit-learn are extensively used in the development of AI and machine learning applications. They provide
libraries and tools for training and deploying models.
7. Internet of Things (IoT): Open-source platforms like Arduino and Raspberry Pi are widely used for
prototyping and developing IoT projects. They offer hardware and software solutions for building
connected devices and smart systems.
8. Scientific Research: Open-source software is prevalent in scientific research, facilitating data analysis,
simulation, modeling, and visualization. Tools like R, GNU Octave, and OpenFOAM are used in various
scientific disciplines.
9. Security and Privacy: Open-source security tools, such as OpenSSL and GnuPG, provide encryption,
authentication, and secure communication protocols. They play a crucial role in securing systems and
protecting privacy.
10. Education: Open-source software is commonly used in educational institutions to teach programming,
computer science, and other disciplines. It provides accessible and cost-effective tools for students and
educators.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

1.8 OPEN SOURCE OPERATING SYSTEMS

FEDORA

Fedora is a free and open-source Linux distribution that is maintained by Fedora Project which is sponsored
by Red Hat with support from other companies.

Fedora is referred to as a “bleeding edge” operating system. This implies that it regularly gets the latest
software updates, features, and drivers. As such, it’s an operating system recommended for users who crave the
latest applications, drivers, and features.

Fedora is designed as a reliable, secure, and general-purpose Linux distribution for all users. It can be
deployed in a workstation as a desktop operating system or used in a server environment. New releases of
Fedora are pushed out after 6 months.
38 versions of Fedora have been released till date.

Here are some key aspects of Fedora:

1.Community-Driven: Fedora is developed by the Fedora Project, a community-driven project sponsored by
Red Hat. It encourages community participation and collaboration in the development and improvement of the
operating system.
2.Cutting-Edge Technology: Fedora aims to be at the forefront of technology by including the latest stable
versions of open-source software. It serves as a platform for testing and showcasing new features and
innovations in the Linux ecosystem. By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM
3. Rapid Release Cycle: Fedora follows a fast release cycle, with a new version typically released
approximately every six months. This frequent release schedule allows users to access the latest
software updates and features quickly.
4. Variety of Editions: Fedora offers different editions tailored for specific use cases. The main edition,
Fedora Workstation, focuses on providing a user-friendly desktop environment for developers and
general users. Other editions include Fedora Server, designed for server deployments, and Fedora IoT,
targeting Internet of Things devices.
5. Package Management: Fedora uses the DNF package manager (a successor to YUM) for software
package installation, removal, and updates. The package repositories provide a vast collection of open-
source software applications.
6. Security-Focused: Fedora places a strong emphasis on security and includes features like SELinux
(Security-Enhanced Linux) to provide enhanced security measures. Regular security updates and robust
security practices are integral to the Fedora ecosystem.
7. Community Support: The Fedora community actively provides support through forums, mailing lists,
IRC channels, and documentation. Users can find assistance and engage with other Fedora enthusiasts
to troubleshoot issues or seek advice.
8. Upstream Contributions: Fedora plays a crucial role in contributing back to the open-source
community. It serves as a testing ground for new features and bug fixes, with many improvements
eventually making their way upstream to projects like the Linux kernel.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM

UBUNTU

Ubuntu is a popular Linux-based operating system known for its user-friendly interface, ease of use, and
strong community support. Here's an overview of Ubuntu:

1. Background: Ubuntu was initially released in 2004 by Canonical Ltd., a company founded by South
African entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. The name "Ubuntu" is derived from an African philosophy that
emphasizes community and sharing.
2. Debian-Based Distribution: Ubuntu is based on the Debian distribution of Linux. It inherits many of
Debian's features, package management system (APT), and extensive software repositories.
3. User-Friendly Interface: Ubuntu focuses on providing a user-friendly experience, making it accessible to
both new and experienced users. It offers a visually appealing desktop environment called "GNOME" by
default, which provides a clean and intuitive interface.
4. Regular Release Cycle: Ubuntu follows a predictable release cycle, with new versions being released
every six months. Each version is given a specific version number, derived from the year and month of its
release. For example, Ubuntu 20.04 was released in April 2020.
5. Long-Term Support (LTS) Releases: In addition to regular releases, Ubuntu offers Long-Term Support
(LTS) versions. These LTS releases are supported with security updates and bug fixes for an extended
period, typically five years, providing stability for enterprise and long-term use.
By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM
6. Software Packages: Ubuntu provides a vast collection of pre-packaged software applications, covering a wide
range of needs. The Ubuntu Software Center (now known as the GNOME Software) offers a convenient
graphical interface for browsing and installing software.
7. Ubuntu Flavors: Ubuntu offers different flavors that provide alternative desktop environments and customized
experiences. These include Kubuntu (KDE Plasma), Xubuntu (Xfce), Lubuntu (LXQt), Ubuntu MATE (MATE
desktop), and Ubuntu Budgie (Budgie desktop).
8. Strong Community: Ubuntu has a large and active community of users and developers who contribute to its
development, provide support, and participate in forums, mailing lists, and events. The Ubuntu community
fosters collaboration, sharing, and open communication.
9. Cloud and Server Editions: Ubuntu has gained significant popularity in cloud computing and server
deployments. Ubuntu Server Edition is a powerful platform for running servers, and Ubuntu has become a
popular choice for cloud deployments, including the use of its own cloud management platform called "Ubuntu
Server with MAAS."
10. Commitment to Open Source: Ubuntu is rooted in the open-source philosophy, and most of its software
components are open source. It actively contributes to the open-source community and supports initiatives for
free and open-source software.

By INDUMATHI , SVDC , K R PURAM